ArticleHarm reduction journal2018
Lay responder naloxone access and Good Samaritan law compliance: postcard survey results from 20 Indiana counties.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Evolving Overdose Epidemic: Synthetic Opioids and Rising Stimulant-Related Harms.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- People entering opioid substance use treatment have low rates of naloxone knowledge and possession.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Naloxone administration and survival in overdoses involving opioids and stimulants: An analysis of law enforcement data from 63 Pennsylvania counties.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Naloxone Administration and Survival in Overdoses Involving Opioids and Stimulants: An Analysis of Law Enforcement Data from 63 Pennsylvania Counties.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Implementation of an EMS-based naloxone distribution program: A qualitative evaluation.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Missouri's Overdose Field Report: descriptive analysis, survival trends, and naloxone dosing patterns from a community-based survey tool, 2018-2022.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Article
- Overdose Experiences Among a Sample of Women in Jail with Opioid Use Disorder.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- 'It's the same thing as giving them CPR training': rural first responders' perspectives on naloxone.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Use of an Inverted Synthetic Control Method to Estimate Effects of Recent Drug Overdose Good Samaritan Laws, Overall and by Black/White Race/Ethnicity.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Prevalence and correlates of incarceration following emergency medical services response to overdose.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Knowledge of a Drug-Related Good Samaritan Law Among People Who Use Drugs, Vancouver, Canada.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2022Article
- Intention to seek emergency medical services during community overdose events in British Columbia, Canada: a cross-sectional survey.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Awareness and knowledge of the Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act among people at risk of witnessing an overdose in British Columbia, Canada: a multi-methods cross sectional study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Assessing the impact of the Good Samaritan Law in the state of Connecticut: a system dynamics approach.Health research policy and systems · 2022Article
- Good Samaritan laws and overdose mortality in the United States in the fentanyl era.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- A drug-related Good Samaritan Law and calling emergency medical services for drug overdoses in a Canadian setting.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Evaluation of an emergency department-based opioid overdose survivor intervention: Difference-in-difference analysis of electronic health record data to assess key outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- A scoping review of factors that influence opioid overdose prevention for justice-involved populations.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
- Patterns and risk factors of opioid-suspected EMS overdose in Houston metropolitan area, 2015-2019: A Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis.PloS one · 2021Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo reduce fatal drug overdoses, two approaches many states have followed is to pass laws expanding naloxone access and Good Samaritan protections for lay persons with high likelihood to respond to an opioid overdose. Most prior research has examined attitudes and knowledge among lay responders in large metropolitan areas who actively use illicit substances. The present study addresses current gaps in knowledge related to this issue through an analysis of data collected from a broader group of lay responders who received naloxone kits from 20 local health departments across Indiana.
methodsPostcard surveys were included inside naloxone kits distributed in 20 Indiana counties, for which 217 returned cards indicated the person completing it was a lay responder. The survey captured demographic information and experiences with overdose, including the use of 911 and knowledge about Good Samaritan protections.
resultsFew respondents had administered naloxone before, but approximately one third had witnessed a prior overdose and the majority knew someone who had died from one. Those who knew someone who had overdosed were more likely to have obtained naloxone for someone other than themselves. Also, persons with knowledge of Good Samaritan protections or who had previously used naloxone were significantly more likely to have indicated calling 911 at the scene of a previously witnessed overdose. Primary reasons for not calling 911 included fear of the police and the person who overdosed waking up on their own.
conclusionsKnowing someone who has had a fatal or non-fatal overdose appears to be a strong motivating factor for obtaining naloxone. Clarifying and strengthening Good Samaritan protections, educating lay persons about these protections, and working to improve police interactions with the public when they are called to an overdose scene are likely to improve implementation and outcomes of naloxone distribution and opioid-related Good Samaritan laws.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.