ArticlePsychological science2018
Group Influences on Engaging Self-Control: Children Delay Gratification and Value It More When Their In-Group Delays and Their Out-Group Doesn't.
Article in Psychological science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infant expectations of instant or delayed gratification.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Adaptive habits: understanding executive function and its development.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2026Review
- Recognizing the future utility of a solution: When do children choose to retain and share an object to solve a future problem?The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Does promising facilitate children's delay of gratification in interdependent contexts?Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- The power of cultural habits: The role of effortless control in delaying gratification.Current opinion in psychology · 2024Review
- Principles for Adapting Assessments of Executive Function across Cultural Contexts.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- What children do while they wait: The role of self-control strategies in delaying gratification.Journal of experimental child psychology · 2023Article
- Why doesn't executive function training improve academic achievement? Rethinking individual differences, relevance, and engagement from a contextual framework.Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society · 2023Article
- Large studies reveal how reference bias limits policy applications of self-report measures.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Cultures Crossing: The Power of Habit in Delaying Gratification.Psychological science · 2022Article
- Executive Functions in Social Context: Implications for Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Supporting Developmental Trajectories.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2021Article
- Selective Auditory Attention Associated With Language Skills but Not With Executive Functions in Swedish Preschoolers.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Waiting for the better reward: Comparison of delay of gratification in young children across two cultures.PloS one · 2021Article
- Response inhibition in adolescents is moderated by brain connectivity and social network structure.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2020Article
- Same Data Set, Different Conclusions: Preschool Delay of Gratification Predicts Later Behavioral Outcomes in a Preregistered Study.Psychological science · 2020Article
- Good Things Come to Those Who Wait: Delaying Gratification Likely Does Matter for Later Achievement (A Commentary on Watts, Duncan, & Quan, 2018).Psychological science · 2020Article
- Different brain networks mediate the effects of social and conditioned expectations on pain.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Commentary: Revisiting the Marshmallow Test: A Conceptual Replication Investigating Links Between Early Delay of Gratification and Later Outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Self-control emerges in a rich sociocultural context. Do group norms around self-control influence the degree to which children use it? We tested this possibility by assigning 3- to 5-year-old children to a group and manipulating their beliefs about in-group and out-group behavior on the classic marshmallow task. Across two experiments, children waited longer for two marshmallows when they believed that their in-group waited and their out-group did not, compared with children who believed that their in-group did not wait and their out-group did. Group behavior influenced children to wait more, not less, as indicated by comparisons with children in a control condition who were assigned to a group but received no information about either groups' delay behavior (Experiment 1). Children also subsequently valued delaying gratification more if their in-group waited and their out-group did not (Experiment 2). Childhood self-control behavior and related developmental outcomes may be shaped by group norms around self-control, which may be an optimal target for interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.