ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Social determinants, their relationship with leprosy risk and temporal trends in a tri-border region in Latin America.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the health-seeking journeys of individuals affected by leprosy: Lived experiences in selected urban rehabilitation centers in Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Inclusion in Neglected Tropical Disease Programmes: A Review of Inclusive Approaches for Control and Elimination.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Introducing Social Dermatology.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Review
- Socioeconomic determinants of the leprosy risk in Yunnan Province, China: a county-level spatiotemporal study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- The Temporal and Spatial Epidemiology Employed in the Elimination of the HIV Epidemic in the Largest Capital of the Brazilian Rainforest.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Temporal and Spatial Analysis Techniques as Potential Tools for Combating the HIV Epidemic among Young Brazilian Amazonian People: An Ecological Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Serum Levels of Ficolin-3 and Mannose-Binding Lectin in Patients with Leprosy and Their Family Contacts in a Hyperendemic Region in Northeastern Brazil.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Risk areas for the occurrence of leprosy in border countries of South America - Brazil and Argentina.PloS one · 2022Article
- The state of the leprosy epidemic in Yunnan, China 2011-2020: A spatial and spatiotemporal analysis, highlighting areas for intervention.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Efficiency of fine scale and spatial regression in modelling associations between healthcare service spatial accessibility and their utilization.International journal of health geographics · 2021Article
- Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) and the risk of leprosy in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, 2016-2017.Epidemiology and health · 2021Article
- Construction and validation of a matrix for normative evaluation of the integrated health system of the borders.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2021Article
- Leprosy in urban space, areas of risk for disability and worsening of this health condition in Foz Do Iguaçu, the border region between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Trends and forecasts of leprosy for a hyperendemic city from Brazil's northeast: Evidence from an eleven-year time-series analysis.PloS one · 2020Article
- Social and environmental conditions related to Mycobacterium leprae infection in children and adolescents from three leprosy endemic regions of Colombia.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Analysis of Social Determinants of Health and Disability Scores in Leprosy-Affected Persons in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Epidemiology and Spatiotemporal Patterns of Leprosy Detection in the State of Bahia, Brazilian Northeast Region, 2001⁻2014.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2018Article
- Hanseniasis in the municipality of Western Amazon (Acre, Brazil): are we far from the goal of the World Health Organization?: Hansen and Western Amazon.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesArticle
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBrazil is the only country in Latin America that has adopted a national health system. This causes differences in access to health among Latin American countries and induces noticeable migration to Brazilian regions to seek healthcare. This phenomenon has led to difficulties in the control and elimination of diseases related to poverty, such as leprosy. The aim of this study was to evaluate social determinants and their relationship with the risk of leprosy, as well as to examine the temporal trend of its occurrence in a Brazilian municipality located on the tri-border area between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.
methodsThis ecological study investigated newly-diagnosed cases of leprosy between 2003 and 2015. Exploratory analysis of the data was performed through descriptive statistics. For spatial analysis, geocoding of the data was performed using spatial scan statistic techniques to obtain the Relative Risk (RR) for each census tract, with their respective 95% confidence intervals calculated. The Bivariate Moran I test, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models were applied to analyze the spatial relationships of social determinants and leprosy risk. The temporal trend of the annual coefficient of new cases was obtained through the Prais-Winsten regression. A standard error of 5% was considered statistically significant (p < 0.05).
resultsOf the 840 new cases identified in the study, there was a predominance of females (n = 427, 50.8%), of white race/color (n = 685, 81.6%), age range 15 to 59 years (n = 624, 74.3%), and incomplete elementary education (n = 504, 60.0%). The results obtained from multivariate analysis revealed that the proportion of households with monthly nominal household income per capita greater than 1 minimum wage (β = 0.025, p = 0.036) and people of brown race (β = -0.101, p = 0.024) were statistically-significantly associated with risk of illness due to leprosy. These results also confirmed that social determinants and risk of leprosy were significantly spatially non-stationary. Regarding the temporal trend, a decrease of 4% (95% CI [-0.053, -0.033], p = 0.000) per year was observed in the rate of detection of new cases of leprosy.
conclusionThe social determinants income and race/color were associated with the risk of leprosy. The study's highlighting of these social determinants can contribute to the development of public policies directed toward the elimination of leprosy in the border region.
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