Trial reportPloS one2018
Montelukast for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation: A randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Follow-Up Care after Adult Lung Transplantation: Summary of an Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline for German-Speaking Countries.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Guideline
- European society for organ transplantation clinical practice guideline on prevention and treatment of chronic lung allograft dysfunction.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Guideline
- Effect of azithromycin on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in posttransplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- A European multicentre, randomised controlled trial of pirfenidone in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after bilateral lung transplantation.The European respiratory journal · 2026Trial
- Prospective Phase II Trial of Montelukast to Treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Investigation into Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Pathogenesis.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2022Trial
- Article
- A Potential Novel Molecular Interaction in Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplantation Patients: The Role of SERPINA3 and Osteoprotegerin.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Therapeutic interventions and pulmonary function in pediatric patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Updates, Management, and Future of Diagnosing and Managing Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Prophylactic azithromycin for chronic lung allograft dysfunction following lung transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation: prevention, diagnosis and treatment in 44 European centres.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction: Clinical Manifestations and Immunologic Mechanisms.Transplantation · 2025Review
- Leukotrienes vs. Montelukast-Activity, Metabolism, and Toxicity Hints for Repurposing.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction Is Associated with Increased Levels of Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Lung Transplant Recipients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Chronic lung allograft dysfunction.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2022Review
- Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current management and future directions.ERJ open research · 2022Review
- Management of chronic rejection after lung transplantation.Journal of thoracic disease · 2021Review
- Follow-up on the therapeutic effects of a budesonide, azithromycin, montelukast, and acetylcysteine (BAMA) regimen in children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans.Journal of thoracic disease · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) remains the major problem which precludes long-term survival after lung transplantation. Previously, an open label pilot study from our group demonstrated a possible beneficial effect of montelukast in progressive BOS patients with low airway neutrophilia (<15%), and already on azithromycin treatment, in whom the further decline in pulmonary function was attenuated. This was, however, a non-randomized and non-placebo controlled trial. The study design is a single center, prospective, interventional, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial, with a two arm parallel group design and an allocation ratio of 1:1. Randomization to additional montelukast (10 mg/day, n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) was performed from 2010 to 2014 at the University Hospitals Leuven (Leuven, Belgium) in all consecutive patients with late-onset (>2years posttransplant) BOS ≥1. Primary end-point was freedom from graft loss 1 year after randomization; secondary end-points were acute rejection, lymphocytic bronchiolitis, respiratory infection rate; and change in FEV1, airway and systemic inflammation during the study period. Graft loss at 1 y and 2y was similar in both groups (respectively p = 0. 981 and p = 0.230). Montelukast had no effect on lung function decline in the overall cohort. However, in a post-hoc subanalysis of BOS stage 1 patients, montelukast attenuated further decline of FEV1 during the study period, both in absolute (L) (p = 0.008) and % predicted value (p = 0.0180). A linear mixed model confirmed this association. Acute rejection, lymphocytic bronchiolitis, respiratory infections, systemic and airway inflammation were comparable between groups over the study period. This randomized controlled trial showed no additional survival benefit with montelukast compared to placebo, although the study was underpowered. The administration of montelukast was associated with an attenuation of the rate of FEV1 decline, however, only in recipients with late-onset BOS stage 1.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.