Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29623592›Full record

ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2018

A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: Associations of Hypoglycemia with Health Care Resource Utilization and Associated Costs.

Yingping Yi, Yawei Li, Anran Hou, Yanqiu Ge, Yuan Xu, Gang Xiong, Xinlei Yang, Stephanie Ann Acevedo, Lizheng Shi, Hua Xu

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Temporal patterns of inpatient hypoglycaemia are treatment-dependent.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Yingping YiDepartment of Science and Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Yawei LiDepartment of Global Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1900, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Anran HouSuzhou Hebta Health Information Technology Co., Ltd, 10-302 Creative Industrial Park, No. 328, Xinghu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
Yanqiu GeSchool of Public Health, Medical School, Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Yuan XuMedical Big-Data Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Gang XiongMedical Big-Data Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Xinlei YangDepartment of Science and Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Stephanie Ann AcevedoDepartment of Community Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 119A N. Alexander St, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA.
Lizheng ShiDepartment of Global Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1900, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. lshi1@tulane.edu.
Hua XuSchool of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. Hua.Xu@uth.tmc.edu.
Nanchang University · CNTulane University · USSecond Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University · CNThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · US

Funding

General Project Jiangxi Provincial Science and Technology Department 2017BBH80025Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform of Jiangxi Provincial Science and Technology Department 2017BCD40024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis study aimed to examine the associations of hypoglycemia with health care resource utilization (HCRU) and health care costs among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China.

methodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted with 23,680 T2DM patients >18 years old who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2015. Univariate descriptive statistics were used to relate the HCRU and associated costs to patient characteristics, and regression analysis was used to examine the association between hypoglycemia and HCRU, controlling for other confounding factors.

resultsIn the T2DM patients with or without insulin treatment, when compared with nonhypoglycemic patients, hypoglycemia was associated with more medical visits (all T2DM patients 19.48 vs. 10.46, insulin users 23.45 vs. 14.12) and higher diabetes-related medical costs (all T2DM patients ¥5187.54 vs. ¥3525.00, insulin users ¥6948.84 vs. ¥3401.15) and medication costs (T2DM patients ¥1349.40 vs. ¥641.92, insulin users: ¥1363.87 vs. ¥853.96). Controlling for age, gender, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score, hypoglycemia and insulin intake were associated with greater health care resource utilization. As compared to nonhypoglycemic patients, hypoglycemic T2DM patients and those on insulin therapy performed more outpatient visits (proportions of hypoglycemic vs nonhypoglycemic T2DM patients performing 3+ visits: 72.69% vs. 65.49%; proportions of hypoglycemic vs nonhypoglycemic patients on insulin therapy performing 3+ visits: 78.26% vs. 71.73%) and were hospitalized more often (proportions of hypoglycemic vs nonhypoglycemic T2DM patients with 3+ admissions 75.90% vs. 50.24%; proportions of hypoglycemic vs nonhypoglycemic patients on insulin therapy with 3+ admissions: 83.19% vs. 58.51%).

conclusionHypoglycemia in diabetes patients was associated with increased healthcare resource utilization and health-related expenditure, especially for patients on insulin treatment. Insulin treatment regimens should be more individualized and account for hypoglycemia risk.

Indexed as

DiabetesHealthcare costHealthcare utilizationHypoglycemia

Identifiers

PMID29623592
PMCPMC5984912
OpenAlexW2796398032

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.