ReviewDrugs in context2018
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and its relevance to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Review in Drugs in context, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolomic Profiling and Diet Quality Scoring in a Randomized Crossover Trial of Healthy and Typical Dietary Patterns.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Trial
- Barley-Based Cereals Enhance Metabolic Health and Satiety in Overweight Korean Adults: A Randomized Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- The Role of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction on Cholesterol Transfer to HDL.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Recipe for Heart Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial on Cardiometabolic Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Within a Whole-Food Plant-Based Vegan Diet.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Trial
- No Effect of Isolated Anthocyanins from Bilberry Fruit and Black Rice on LDL Cholesterol or other Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults with Elevated Cholesterol: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022Trial
- Effect of Anacetrapib on Cholesterol Efflux Capacity: A Substudy of the DEFINE Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Trial
- Noninvasive Interstitial Glucose Estimation Using Wearables and Machine Learning in Healthy Individuals and Individuals With Obesity: Observational Cohort Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Observational
- Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Cysteine for Cardiovascular Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide-Mediated Modulation of Lipid Homeostasis.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Barley sprouts as a modulator of the gut microbiota, influencing glucose and lipid metabolism in ovariectomized female rats fed a high-fat diet.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- Common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Clinical Cardiology and Dietary Intervention: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The association of childhood HDL cholesterol with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events in adults: findings from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Review
- High-Density Lipoprotein Treatment Effectively Protected the Endothelial Cells, Mitochondria and Myocardium Against Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Damage.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Lipid Molecules: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Clinical Assessment, and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Lipid dysregulation after hematopoietic stem cell transplant.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Metabolic remodeling and the modulatory role of vitamin D deficiency in African American children and adolescents with obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in older adults: data from the NHANES database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Cumulative inflammatory index and the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study among middle-aged and older adults in China.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several prospective epidemiological studies have shown that there is a clear inverse relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), even at low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below 70 mg/dL. However, more recent evidence from genetic studies and clinical research has come to challenge the long-standing notion that higher HDL-C levels are always beneficial, while lower HDL-C levels are always detrimental. Thus, it becomes apparent that HDL functionality plays a much more important role in atheroprotection than circulating HDL-C levels. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) from macrophages is a key metric of HDL functionality and exhibits a strong inverse association with both carotid intima-media thickness and the likelihood of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD), independent of the HDL-C level. Thus, extensive research is being conducted to identify new agents with a favorable side effect profile, which would be able to enhance CEC, improve HDL functionality and potentially decrease cardiovascular risk. This review aims to present and discuss the current clinical and scientific evidence pertaining to the significance of HDL functionality over the actual HDL-C concentration in mediating the favorable effects on the cardiovascular system. Thus, we conducted a PubMed search until December 2017 through the English literature using the search terms 'HDL function/functionality', 'HDL properties', 'cardiovascular risk' and 'cholesterol efflux capacity'. We also included references from the articles identified and publications available in the authors' libraries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.