ArticlePloS one2018
Muscular and metabolic responses to different Nordic walking techniques, when style matters.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Nordic Walking in people with respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Nordic walking with an integrated resistance shock absorber affects the femur strength and muscles torques in postmenopausal women.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Do poles save energy during steep uphill walking?European journal of applied physiology · 2019Trial
- The effects of exercise and diet program in overweight people - Nordic walking versus walking.Clinical interventions in aging · 2019Trial
- Concurrent improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness and modulation of inflammatory markers via 12-week high-intensity interval nordic walking in postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity: a quasi-experimental study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Effects of Band-Pull Walking Using a Portable Device on Cardiorespiratory and Neuromuscular Responses in Healthy Young Adults.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The impact of pole use on vertical cost of transport and foot force during uphill treadmill walking before and after a simulated trail running competition.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Effects of Nordic Walking on Physical Fitness in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- Spine Kinematic Alterations in Nordic Walking Under Two Different Speeds of 3 and 5 km/h-A Pilot Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- The Effect of Nordic Walking Intervention (NORDIN-JOY) on Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Families: A Multicenter Randomized Crossover Study.Clinics and practice · 2025Article
- Can walking capacity predict respiratory functions of people with Parkinson's disease?Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The effect of nordic walking with poles with an integrated resistance shock absorber on muscle stiffness and elasticity indicators in postmenopausal women.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Oxygen Consumption, Ventilatory Thresholds, and Work Zones in Nordic Walking Competitors.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Effects of nordic walking training on gait and exercise tolerance in male ischemic heart disease patients.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- A Review of Biomechanical and Physiological Effects of Using Poles in Sports.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cognitive and biomarker responses in healthy older adults to a 18-hole golf round and different walking types: a randomised cross-over study.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2023Article
- Comparative effectiveness of playing golf to Nordic walking and walking on acute physiological effects on cardiometabolic markers in healthy older adults: a randomised cross-over study.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2023Article
- An Intervention of 12 Weeks of Nordic Walking and Recreational Walking to Improve Cardiorespiratory Capacity and Fitness in Older Adult Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The Influence of the Relative Timing between Pole and Heel Strike on Lower Limb Loading among Young and Older Naïve Pole Walkers.Translational sports medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of nordic walking exercise on gait, motor/non-motor symptoms, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to poling action and upper body engagement, Nordic walking (NW) has additional health benefits with respect to conventional walking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in muscle activation and metabolic responses between NW, performed with the technique suggested by NW instructors, and with some modifications in the way to move upper limb and poles. Ten NW instructors volunteered to walk on a treadmill at 5.5 km•h-1 in five conditions: walking (W), Nordic walking (NW), NW with a weak poling action (NWweak), with straight-upper limbs moving the shoulders (NWshoulder) and with elbow flexion-extension pattern and shoulder freezed (NWelbow). Poling forces, body segments and poles movement, upper and lower body muscle activation, as well as metabolic parameters were measured.All modified NW techniques elicited lower muscular activation and metabolic responses with respect to the suggested NW technique (P < 0.05). All NW techniques elicited higher muscular activation and metabolic responses than W. All parameters observed with the NWweak were lower than NW. A decreased activation of shoulder extensor muscles and increased activation of anterior deltoid muscle were the main features of NWshoulder. Lower triceps brachii muscle activation and reduced propulsive poling action with respect to NW were seen for NWelbow, resulting also in shorter steps.Nordic walking instructors, sport technicians and practitioners should be aware that any deviation from the technique usually suggested might lead to lower benefits. However it is worth to note that any walking technique with poles elicits higher metabolic responses and muscular activation than walking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.