SynthesisMedicine2018
Effects of fixed orthodontic brackets on oral malodor: A systematic review and meta-analysis according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orthodontic Appliance Type and Oral Malodor Burden: Cross-Sectional Comparison of Clear Aligners, Fixed Braces, and Untreated Controls.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Halitosis Among University Students in Guangxi, Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Article
- Associations Between Halitosis and Craniofacial Morphology, Salivary Biochemical Parameters, and Mouth Breathing in Adult Patients with Malocclusion: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and Clinical Indications of 2 × 4 Fixed Orthodontic Therapy in Regard to Mixed Dentition: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative Assessment of Halitosis and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Children and Young Adults with Clear Aligners, Those with Lingual Orthodontics, and Non-Orthodontic Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study with Dietary Subgroup Analyses.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Periodontal Health in Patients with Self-Ligating Brackets: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- The Effects of Zinc-Containing Mouthwashes on the Force Degradation of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains: AnInternational journal of dentistry · 2022Article
- Relationship between Fixed Dental Crowns and Volatile Sulphur Compounds.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Effectiveness of Riboflavin and Rose Bengal Photosensitizer Modified Adhesive Resin for Orthodontic Bonding.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Prevalence and relevant factors of halitosis in Chinese subjects: a clinical research.BMC oral health · 2019Article
- Evaluation of Changes in Cariogenic Bacteria in a Young Moroccan Population with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances.International journal of dentistry · 2018Article
- PerceptionRevista cientifica odontologica (Universidad Cientifica del Sur)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify whether there is any relationship between fixed orthodontic appliances and malodor, and if self-ligating brackets (SLBs) prevent malodor better than conventional brackets (CBs).
methodsThe electronic databases PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to September 2016; a manual search was also performed. Randomized controlled and clinical controlled trials, in which experimental groups received fixed orthodontic therapy and malodor was measured, were included. Patients treated with fixed orthodontic brackets were compared with those without any treatment, and SLB systems were compared with CB systems. Two reviewers independently selected potentially relevant studies, evaluated the risk for bias, extracted essential data, and synthesized findings using Review Manager version 5.3 (Copenhagen: The. Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014).
resultsFour studies, involving a total of 152 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Fixed orthodontic appliances caused malodor from the initial visit to 2 to 3 months, but was only significant after the first week (mean difference 20.24 [95% confidence interval [CI]11.75-28.74]; P < .00001). Plaque index, gingival index, and periodontal pocket depths demonstrated no statistical differences between the SLB and CB groups after the first week. However, SLBs significantly controlled malodor better than CBs after the first week (mean difference 4.32 [95% CI 6.02 to 2.61]; P < .00001). The quality of the included studies was relatively low and relevant research in this field is quite scarce.
conclusionsAlthough the evidence base was relatively weak, fixed orthodontic treatment appeared to be a risk factor for malodor, independent of periodontal changes, and SLB systems controlled malodor better than CB systems.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.