ArticleClinical drug investigation2018
Translating Benzodiazepine Utilization Data into Meaningful Population Exposure: Integration of Two Metrics for Improved Reporting.
Article in Clinical drug investigation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Benzodiazepine, Z-Drug and Melatonin Use in Australian Residential Aged Care Facilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Australasian journal on ageing · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention on the Chronic use of Hypnotics in Treatment-Seeking Women with Insomnia: a Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Trial
- Prevalence and Incidence of Oral Benzodiazepine Use in Hospitalized Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Annals of surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Longitudinal patterns of antidepressant and benzodiazepine use associated with injurious falls in older adults with depression: a retrospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Influence of SSRI and SNRI co-prescription on benzodiazepine prescription trajectories.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of sedative-hypnotic drug use trends in children and adolescents (2018-2023): a study based on outpatient prescription data from a general hospital.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Association between Opioid-Benzodiazepine Trajectories and Injurious Fall Risk among US Medicare Beneficiaries.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Prescribing and deprescribing guidance for benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine receptor agonist use in adults with depression, anxiety, and insomnia: an international scoping review.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Hazardous use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists in psychiatric clinics in China: electronic prescription database study.BJPsych open · 2022Article
- Dosing profiles of concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use associated with overdose risk among US Medicare beneficiaries: group-based multi-trajectory models.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Article
- Impact of changes in controlled drugs legislation on benzodiazepine receptor agonist prescribing in Ireland: a repeated cross-sectional study.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- The Behavioral Problems in 2.5-5 Years Old Children Linked with Former Neonatal/Infantile Surgical Parameters.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Potential Relationship between Cerebral Fractional Tissue Oxygen Extraction (FTOE) and the Use of Sedative Agents during the Perioperative Period in Neonates and Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Is the Long-Term Use of Benzodiazepines Associated With Worse Cognition Performance in Highly Educated Older Adults?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Adjunctive electroacupuncture to facilitate discontinuation of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in chronic insomnia: a randomized controlled trial protocol.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug utilization research on benzodiazepines remains important for measuring trends in consumption within and across borders over time for the sake of monitoring prescribing patterns and identifying potential population safety concerns. The defined daily dose (DDD) system by the World Health Organization (WHO) remains the internationally accepted standard for measuring drug consumption; however, beyond consumption, DDD-based results are difficult to interpret when individual agents are compared with one another or are pooled into a total class-based estimate. The diazepam milligram equivalent (DME) system provides approximate conversions between benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (i.e. zopiclone, zolpidem, zaleplon) based on their pharmacologic potency. Despite this, conversion of total dispensed benzodiazepine quantities into DME values retains diazepam milligrams as the total unit of measurement, which is also impractical for population-level interpretation. In this paper, we propose the use of an integrated DME-DDD metric to obviate the limitations encountered when the component metrics are used in isolation. Through a case example, we demonstrate significant change in results between the DDD and DME-DDD method. Unlike the DDD method, the integrated DME-DDD metric offers estimation of population pharmacologic exposure, and enables superior interpretation of drug utilization results, especially for drug class summary reporting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.