ArticleGenes & diseases2018
Unique Cytologic Features of Thyroiditis Caused by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Malignant Melanoma.
Article in Genes & diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell-intrinsic functions of PD-L1 activate autophagy and prevent cytokine-induced apoptosis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity of macrophages in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy: a single-cell perspective.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Consensus-based disease definitions for endocrine immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors associated thyroiditis: mechanisms and clinical outcomes.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Management, biomarkers and prognosis in people developing endocrinopathies associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Clinical manifestations and risk factors of immune-related thyroid adverse events in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a case-control study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients with Lung Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2023Review
- Clinical Characters and Influence Factors of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Thyroid Dysfunction.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Endocrine Side Effects in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Clonally expanded, thyrotoxic effector CD8Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Durvalumab-induced thyroiditis in a patient with non-small cell lung carcinoma: a case report and review of pathogenic mechanisms.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Anti‑PD‑1 immune checkpoint inhibitor inducing endocrine toxicity in a patient with advanced lung cancer: A case report and literature review.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Inhibition of IL-17A Protects against Thyroid Immune-Related Adverse Events while Preserving Checkpoint Inhibitor Antitumor Efficacy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Optimal Thyroid Hormone Replacement Dose in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Hypothyroidism Is Distinct from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2022Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Endocrinopathies.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2022Article
- Immune-Related Thyroiditis as a Predictor for Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2022Article
- Thyroid Dysfunction as a Predictive Indicator in Camrelizumab of Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Thyroid-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Blockade of immune checkpoint molecules to reverse cancer-induced immune suppression can improve anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Monoclonal antibodies targeting two such molecules, Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) have shown clinical benefit in the treatment of advanced malignancies, including metastatic melanoma. Adverse effects of these immune checkpoint inhibitors include immune-related adverse events (irAE) and the inducing of new autoimmunity, of which one of the most common is autoimmune thyroiditis. Though thyroiditis is increasingly recognized, there are no reports of the pathological findings that occur in immunotherapy-induced thyroiditis. We present a case of immunotherapy-induced thyroiditis demonstrating its unique cytopathologic features. A 51-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma was found to have a suppressed TSH and elevated free thyroxine concentration 14 days after starting treatment with nivolumab (PD-1 antagonist) plus ipilimumab (CTLA-4 antagonist) therapy. A thyroid biopsy was performed based on ultrasound findings and cytopathology revealed unique features including abundant clusters of necrotic cells, lymphocytes and CD163-positive histiocytes. This case reports cytopathologic features found in immune checkpoint inhibitor related thyroiditis. These appear to be unique findings and may help inform future research regarding the pathophysiology and mechanisms of this condition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.