Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29618551›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2018

Computer simulations show that Neanderthal facial morphology represents adaptation to cold and high energy demands, but not heavy biting.

Stephen Wroe, William C H Parr, Justin A Ledogar, Jason Bourke, Samuel P Evans, Luca Fiorenza, Stefano Benazzi, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Chris Stringer, Ottmar Kullmer and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The first preserved nasal cavity in the human fossil record: The Neanderthal from Altamura.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  2. Neandertal Cold Adaptation: Technological, Anatomical, and Physiological Responses to Cold Stress in One of Our Closest Fossil Relatives.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025
    Article
  3. Raptorial appendages of the Cambrian apex predatorProceedings. Biological sciences · 2023
    Article
  4. Article
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  10. Article
  11. Evolutionary biomechanics: hard tissues and soft evidence?Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Head to head: the case for fighting behaviour inProceedings. Biological sciences · 2019
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Stephen WroeFunction, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia swroe@une.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0002-6365-5915
William C H ParrSurgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory (SORL), Level 1, Clinical Sciences Bld, Gate 6, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Avoca St, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia w.parr@unsw.edu.au.
Justin A LedogarFunction, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
Jason BourkeCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
Samuel P EvansSchool of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
Luca FiorenzaDepartment of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Stefano BenazziDepartment of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna 48121, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4305-6920
Jean-Jacques HublinDepartment of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Chris StringerDepartment of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Ottmar KullmerSenckenberg Forschungsinstitut Frankfurt am Main, Abteilung Paläoanthropologie und Messelforschung, Sektion Tertiäre Säugetiere, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Michael CurryFunction, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
Todd C RaeCentre for Research in Evolutionary and Environmental Anthropology, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
Todd R YokleyMetropolitan State University of Denver, PO Box 173362, Campus Box 28, Denver, CO 80217-3362, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Three adaptive hypotheses have been forwarded to explain the distinctive Neanderthal face: (i) an improved ability to accommodate high anterior bite forces, (ii) more effective conditioning of cold and/or dry air and, (iii) adaptation to facilitate greater ventilatory demands. We test these hypotheses using three-dimensional models of Neanderthals, modern humans, and a close outgroup (

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAnimalsBite ForceClimateComputer SimulationFaceFossilsHominidaeHumansNasal CavityNeanderthalscomputational fluid dynamicsfinite-element analysisHomo heidelbergensisHomo neanderthalensis

Identifiers

PMID29618551
PMCPMC5904316

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.