Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29618125›Full record

ArticleSocial cognitive and affective neuroscience2018

Distributed affective space represents multiple emotion categories across the human brain.

Heini Saarimäki, Lara Farzaneh Ejtehadian, Enrico Glerean, Iiro P Jääskeläinen, Patrik Vuilleumier, Mikko Sams, Lauri Nummenmaa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Rethinking Naturalistic Movie Neuroimaging Through Film Form.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Reward responses to vicarious feeding depend on body mass index.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Cerebral topographies of perceived and felt emotions.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Neural Predictors of Fear Depend on the Situation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Piecing together the puzzle of emotional consciousness.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2023
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Heini SaarimäkiDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
Lara Farzaneh EjtehadianDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
Enrico GlereanTurku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
Iiro P JääskeläinenDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
Patrik VuilleumierDepartment of Neuroscience, University Medical Center of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Mikko SamsDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
Lauri NummenmaaDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The functional organization of human emotion systems as well as their neuroanatomical basis and segregation in the brain remains unresolved. Here, we used pattern classification and hierarchical clustering to characterize the organization of a wide array of emotion categories in the human brain. We induced 14 emotions (6 'basic', e.g. fear and anger; and 8 'non-basic', e.g. shame and gratitude) and a neutral state using guided mental imagery while participants' brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twelve out of 14 emotions could be reliably classified from the haemodynamic signals. All emotions engaged a multitude of brain areas, primarily in midline cortices including anterior and posterior cingulate gyri and precuneus, in subcortical regions, and in motor regions including cerebellum and premotor cortex. Similarity of subjective emotional experiences was associated with similarity of the corresponding neural activation patterns. We conclude that different basic and non-basic emotions have distinguishable neural bases characterized by specific, distributed activation patterns in widespread cortical and subcortical circuits. Regionally differentiated engagement of these circuits defines the unique neural activity pattern and the corresponding subjective feeling associated with each emotion.

Indexed as

AdultAffectBrainBrain MappingCerebellumCerebral CortexCerebrovascular CirculationCluster AnalysisEmotionsFemaleHemodynamicsHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID29618125
PMCPMC6007366

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.