ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2018
Patterns of plant and animal protein intake are strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality: the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Saturated Fatty Acid Chain Length and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Tropical Oil Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary protein intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: results from the Rotterdam Study and a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2020Pooled it
- 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2019Guideline
- Effect of a Whole-Food Plant-Based Diet on Periodontal Parameters in Patients With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Secondary Sub-Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Trial
- The effects of substituting red and processed meat for mycoprotein on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in healthy volunteers: an analysis of secondary endpoints from Mycomeat.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Effects of red meat, white meat, and nonmeat protein sources on atherogenic lipoprotein measures in the context of low compared with high saturated fat intake: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- A plant-based diet in overweight individuals in a 16-week randomized clinical trial: metabolic benefits of plant protein.Nutrition & diabetes · 2018Trial
- Dietary Green Leafy Vegetables and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality: The Adventist Health Study 2.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Benefits of Nutrients and Phytonutrients in Nuts and Legumes on Platelet Aggregation Through DNA Methylation.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Review
- Guideline for Chronic Coronary Syndrome - 2025.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Association of low knowledge about cardiovascular disease and lack of lifestyle changes after the COVID-19 pandemic with higher cardiovascular risk in Peruvian residents.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Intake of animal and plant proteins and risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from NHANES.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Effects of incorporating green leafy vegetables with meals on starch and lipid digestibility under simulated gastrointestinal digestion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dietary plant-to-animal protein ratio and risk of cardiovascular disease in 3 prospective cohorts.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Slower Pace of Epigenetic Aging and Lower Inflammatory Indicators in Females Following a Nutrient-Dense, Plant-Rich Diet Than Those in Females Following the Standard American Diet.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Current evidence suggests that plant and animal proteins are intimately associated with specific large nutrient clusters that may explain part of their complex relation with cardiovascular health. We aimed at evaluating the association between specific patterns of protein intake with cardiovascular mortality. Methods: We selected 81 337 men and women from the Adventist Health Study-2. Diet was assessed between 2002 and 2007, by using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns based on the participants' protein consumption were derived by factor analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary components. Results: There were 2276 cardiovascular deaths during a mean follow-up time of 9.4 years. The HRs for cardiovascular mortality were 1.61 [98.75% confidence interval (CI), 1.12 2.32; P-trend < 0.001] for the 'Meat' protein factor and 0.60 (98.75% CI, 0.42 0.86; P-trend < 0.001) for the 'Nuts & Seeds' protein factor (highest vs lowest quintile of factor scores). No significant associations were found for the 'Grains', 'Processed Foods' and 'Legumes, Fruits & Vegetables' protein factors. Additional adjustments for the participants' vegetarian dietary pattern and nutrients related to cardiovascular disease outcomes did not change the results. Conclusions: Associations between the 'Meat' and 'Nuts & Seeds' protein factors and cardiovascular outcomes were strong and could not be ascribed to other associated nutrients considered to be important for cardiovascular health. Healthy diets can be advocated based on protein sources, preferring low contributions of protein from meat and higher intakes of plant protein from nuts and seeds.
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