SynthesisPediatric cardiology2018
Racial Variation in Echocardiographic Reference Ranges for Left Chamber Dimensions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Pediatric cardiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric Echocardiographic Nomograms: Twenty Years of Advances-Do We Now Have a Complete and Reliable Tool, or Are Gaps Still Present? An Up-to-Date Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Echocardiographic reference z scores of right ventricular dimension and systolic function of children aged 5-12 years.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2023Article
- Reference Values for Point-of-Care Echocardiographic Measurements of Preterm Infants in China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Racial differences of early vascular aging in children and adolescents.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- Reference values of electrographic and cardiac ultrasound parameters in Russian healthy children and adolescents.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Incidence and Progression of Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Older Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Adolescents Taking Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Percentile curves for left ventricle structural, functional and haemodynamic parameters obtained in healthy children and adolescents from echocardiography-derived data.Journal of echocardiography · 2020Article
- Echocardiographic nomograms and Z-scores for term Indian neonates.Annals of pediatric cardiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Echocardiography plays a critical role in the assessment of cardiac disease. Important differences in echocardiographically derived cardiac chamber dimensions have been previously highlighted in different population groups in adult studies, but this has not been systematically studied in children, whose body size changes throughout childhood. The aim of this study was to review the distribution of available reference ranges for the left cardiac chamber dimensions in older children and adolescents. The following electronic data bases were searched: Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched to identify studies which have established echocardiographic reference ranges of left heart parameters in children and adolescents from 1975 to December 2017. There was no geographical limitation. All results were imported into Endnote. Retrieved articles were screened and data extracted by two independent reviewers. A total of 4398 studies were retrieved, with 36 studies finally included in this review. 29 (81%) references were from North America and European (Caucasians) populations, with only one study each from Africa and South America. Two-dimensional and M-mode techniques were the most commonly used echocardiography techniques. There were methodological variations in techniques and normalisation of references. Comparison of selected cardiac measures showed significant differences for interventricular septal thickness among Black African, Indian, German and US American children. Available echocardiographic references cannot be generalised to all settings and therefore, there is need for locally relevant reference ranges. Africa and South America are particularly under-represented. Future studies should focus on developing comprehensive echocardiographic reference ranges for children from different racial backgrounds and should use standardised techniques.
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