ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2018
Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among an elderly population with diabetes in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential associations of beverage consumption with diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- "Augmenting the referral pathway for retinal services among diabetic patients at Reiyukai Eiko Masunaga Eye Hospital, Nepal: a non-randomized, pre-post intervention study".BMC health services research · 2023Trial
- Individual patient-centered target-driven intervention to improve clinical outcomes of diabetes, health literacy, and self-care practices in Nepal: A randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: The Thessaloniki Eye Study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Adherence to diabetic retinopathy care and barriers to service utilization in Nepal.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among adults aged 50 years and above in Nepal: a population-based cross-sectional survey.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Health transition and eye care policy planning for people with diabetic retinopathy in south Asia.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Review
- Associated factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 and 2 diabetes in Limpopo province in South Africa.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy among people with diabetes screened using fundus photography at a community diabetic retinopathy screening program in Nepal.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Blindness among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Presenting to the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2022Article
- Influencing factors of vision-threatening disease among patients with diabetes in the central region of Saudi Arabia: A case-control study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Augmenting the Referral Pathway for Retinal Services Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus at Reiyukai Eiko Masunaga Eye Hospital, Nepal: Protocol for a Nonrandomized, Pre-Post Intervention Study.JMIR research protocols · 2021Article
- Factors protecting against diabetic retinopathy in a geriatric Indian cohort.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Observational
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy by Using Digital Fundus Photographs in the Peripheral Health Facilities of Bangladesh: Validation Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Article
- Fundus Photography as the Base of Three-Tier Diabetic Retinopathy Care System to Its Wider Roles: Learning from a Case Experience.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2021Article
- Article
- Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Retinal Diseases Among an Elderly Population in Nepal: The Bhaktapur Retina Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Agreement on Grading Retinal Findings of Patients with Diabetes Using Fundus Photographs by Allied Medical Personnel when Compared to an Ophthalmologist at a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program in Nepal.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is an emerging cause of blindness in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of DR in an elderly population in Nepal. SUBJECTS AND
methodsThis is a population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 1860 subjects at the age 60 years and above participated (response rate 88.6%). A detailed history was obtained, presenting and best-corrected visual acuity were measured, and anterior segment and posterior segment examinations were carried out. Blood pressure and random blood sugar were recorded; body mass index was calculated, and abdominal girth was measured. DR was graded by clinical examination using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria.
resultsDiabetes was found in 168 (9%) subjects (mean age 69.6 years), 31 (18.5%) of whom were newly diagnosed. The prevalence of DR was 23.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.7%-31%) among the persons with diabetes. The prevalence of DR among newly diagnosed subjects with diabetes was 6.5% (95% CI: 0.8%-21.4%). The prevalence of vision-threatening DR was 9.5% (95% CI: 5.5%-15%) and was higher in males. The prevalence of DR was 83.3% (95% CI: 35.9%-99.6%) among those with diabetes for over 20 years. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with DR.
conclusionDR is a common problem among the elderly population with diabetes in Nepal. The duration of diabetes, hypertension, and alcohol consumption are the risk factors for the development of DR. Strategies have to be developed for timely diagnosis of diabetes and screening for DR.
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