ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol-Induced Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line through the Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- PAMAM dendrimers as efficient drug nanocarriers of natural compounds in breast cancer therapeutics.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Bioactive Constituents of Ginseng in Cancer Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms, Translational Potential, and Advanced Delivery Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- The antitumor effects and apoptotic mechanism of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol in acute myeloid leukemia.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells via targeting Bcl-XFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- 20(S)- Protopanaxadiol suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation via WIF1 demethylation-mediated inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- Review
- Effects of Monensin and Rapamycin Combination Therapy on Tumor Growth and Apoptosis in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Neuroblastoma.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Role of miRNA-221 and miRNA-34a in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck Region.Genes · 2023Article
- Updating the therapeutic role of ginsenosides in breast cancer: a bibliometrics study to an in-depth review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Predicting molecular initiating events using chemical target annotations and gene expression.BioData mining · 2022Article
- Gut Microbiota: Therapeutic Targets of Ginseng Against Multiple Disorders and Ginsenoside Transformation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Gallic acid suppresses the progression of triple-negative breast cancer HCC1806 cellsFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Promoting Apoptosis, a Promising Way to Treat Breast Cancer With Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Ginsenoside Rc Ameliorates Endothelial Insulin Resistance via Upregulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Overexpression of Mucin 1 Suppresses the Therapeutical Efficacy of Disulfiram against Canine Mammary Tumor.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by promoting retinoid X receptor alpha in human colorectal carcinoma cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Article
- Wild‑type IDH1 affects cell migration by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in primary glioblastoma cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Article
- Natural Product Ginsenoside 20(S)-25-Methoxyl-Dammarane-3β, 12β, 20-Triol in Cancer Treatment: A Review of the Pharmacological Mechanisms and Pharmacokinetics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- miR-205-3p promotes proliferation and reduces apoptosis of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2019Article
- Inhibition of miR‑214 attenuates the migration and invasion of triple‑negative breast cancer cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is one of the major active metabolites of ginseng. It has been reported that 20(S)-PPD shows a broad spectrum of antitumor effects. Our research study aims were to investigate whether apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells could be induced by 20(S)-PPD by targeting the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B/Mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signal pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cell cycle analysis was performed by Propidium Iodide (PI) staining. To overexpress and knock down the expression of mTOR, pcDNA3.1-mTOR and mTOR small interfering RNA (siRNA) transient transfection assays were used, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test and Annexin V /PI double-staining after transfection. The antitumor effect in vivo was determined by the nude mice xenograft assay. After 24 h of incubation, treatment with 20(S)-PPD could upregulate phosphorylated-Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (p-PTEN) expression and downregulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR-pathway protein expression. Moreover, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells could be induced by 20(S)-PPD treatment at high concentrations. Furthermore, overexpression or knockdown of mTOR could inhibit or promote the apoptotic effects of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, tumor volumes were partially reduced by 20(S)-PPD at 100 mg/kg in a MCF-7 xenograft model. Immunohistochemical staining indicated a close relationship between the inhibition of tumor growth and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated apoptosis may be one of the potential mechanisms of 20(S)-PPD treatment.
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