ReviewPloS one2018
Context matters (but how and why?) A hypothesis-led literature review of performance based financing in fragile and conflict-affected health systems.
Review in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Health system strengthening in fragile and conflict-affected states: A review of systematic reviews.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- The cost-effectiveness of using performance-based financing to deliver the basic package of health services in Afghanistan.BMJ global health · 2020Trial
- Genres and typologies of standard paediatric service public funding model provisions for speech-language pathology management: A scoping review.Health policy OPEN · 2026Article
- Article
- Form and functioning: contextualising the start of the global financing facility policy processes in Burkina Faso.Global health action · 2024Article
- The effectiveness of pay-for-performance contracts with non-governmental organizations in Afghanistan - results of a controlled interrupted time series analysis.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- The Health Innovation Impact Checklist: a tool to improve the development and reporting of impact models for global health innovations.Global health action · 2022Article
- Article
- Is Performance-Based Financing A Pathway to Strategic Purchasing in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Synthesis of the Evidence.Health systems and reform · 2022Review
- Long-term effects of payment for performance on maternal and child health outcomes: evidence from Tanzania.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- "It Depends on What They Experience in Each Health Facility. Some Are Satisfied, Others Are Not." A MixedMethods Exploration of Health Workers' Attitudes Towards Performance-Based Financing in Burkina Faso.International journal of health policy and management · 2021Article
- Political economy analysis of the performance-based financing programme in Afghanistan.Global health research and policy · 2021Article
- Performance-Based Financing, Basic Packages of Health Services and User-Fee Exemption Mechanisms: An Analysis of Health-Financing Policy Integration in Three Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings.Applied health economics and health policy · 2020Article
- Evaluating performance-based financing in low-income and middle-income countries: the need to look beyond average effect.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- Implementing performance-based financing in peripheral health centres in Mali: what can we learn from it?Health research policy and systems · 2020Article
- Results-based financing as a strategic purchasing intervention: some progress but much further to go in Zimbabwe?BMC health services research · 2020Review
- Article
- How does performance-based financing affect the availability of essential medicines in Cameroon? A qualitative study.Health policy and planning · 2019Article
- The Importance of Leadership and Organizational Capacity in Shaping Health Workers' Motivational Reactions to Performance-Based Financing: A Multiple Case Study in Burkina Faso.International journal of health policy and management · 2019Article
- (How) does RBF strengthen strategic purchasing of health care? Comparing the experience of Uganda, Zimbabwe and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Global health research and policy · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Performance-based financing (PBF) schemes have been expanding rapidly across low and middle income countries in the past decade, with considerable external financing from multilateral, bilateral and global health initiatives. Many of these countries have been fragile and conflict-affected (FCAS), but while the influence of context is acknowledged to be important to the operation of PBF, there has been little examination of how it affects adoption and implementation of PBF. This article lays out initial hypotheses about how FCAS contexts may influence the adoption, adaption, implementation and health system effects of PBF. These are then interrogated through a review of available grey and published literature (140 documents in total, covering 23 PBF schemes). We find that PBF has been more common in FCAS contexts, which were also more commonly early adopters. Very little explanation of the rationale for its adoption, in particular in relation with the contextual features, is given in programme documents. However, there are a number of factors which could explain this, including the greater role of external actors and donors, a greater openness to institutional reform, and lower levels of trust within the public system and between government and donors, all of which favour more contractual approaches. These suggest that rather than emerging despite fragility, conditions of fragility may favour the rapid emergence of PBF. We also document few emerging adaptations of PBF to humanitarian settings and limited evidence of health system effects which may be contextually driven, but these require more in-depth analysis. Another area meriting more study is the political economy of PBF and its diffusion across contexts.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.