ArticlePloS one2018
Evaluating pre-pregnancy dietary diversity vs. dietary quality scores as predictors of gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diet diversity score might be associated with reproductive health in women and infant outcomes: a systematic review.Journal of nutritional science · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of diet quality on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Associations between Maternal Dietary Patterns and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Maternal dietary diversity and dietary quality scores in relation to adverse birth outcomes in Tanzanian women.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Trial
- The Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), chronic disease and cause-specific mortality in UK Biobank: a prospective study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Novel insights into how gestational diet affects maternal-infant microbiota: a cross-sectional causal mediation analysis at one month postpartum.European journal of nutrition · 2026Observational
- Maternal Diet Quality and Third Trimester Depression: Insights From a Nepali Birth Cohort Study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of lifelines diet score (LLDS) and diversity diet score (DDS) with the odds of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Status, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Latent Tuberculosis Infection in a High-Risk Population in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Dietary intake and quality for young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: Status and influencing factors.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Food environment around schools and adolescent consumption of unhealthy foods in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Mediterranean diet and prime diet quality score are associated with reduced risk of premature coronary artery disease in Iran: a multi-centric case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between global and prime diet quality scores and the risk of bacterial vaginosis: a secondary analysis of case-control study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Associations between food insecurity with gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal outcomes mediated by dietary diversity: A cross-sectional study.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Maternal diet quality and circulating extracellular vesicle and particle miRNA during pregnancy.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Maternal Diet Quality in Pregnancy and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicle and Particle microRNA.Epigenetics reports · 2025Article
- Gestational diabetes and changes in dietary quality and food group consumption before and during pregnancy: a pilot cross-sectional study in Malawian women attending antenatal clinics.Journal of nutritional science · 2025Article
- Dietary Sugar and Saturated Fat Consumption Associated with the Gastrointestinal Microbiome during Pregnancy.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Observational
- Associations between Global Diet Quality Score and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDietary diversity scores (DDS) are considered as metrics for monitoring the implementation of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, but they need to be rigorously evaluated.
objectiveTo examine two DDS, the Food Groups Index (FGI), and the Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women (MDD-W), alongside two dietary quality scores, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) and the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), with risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs).
designThe analysis included 21,312 (GDM) and 19,917 (HDPs) singleton births reported in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort (1991-2001), among women without major chronic disease or GDM/HDPs. Scores were derived using prepregnancy diet collected by a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable models were utilized to calculate relative risks (RR) and confidence intervals (95%CIs).
resultsIncident GDM (n = 916) and HDPs (n = 1,421) were reported. The MDD-W and FGI were not associated with risk of GDM or HDPs, but the AHEI-2010 and PDQS were associated with a lower risk of GDM and marginally lower risk of HDP. The RR's of GDM comparing the highest vs. lowest quintiles were 1.00 (95%CI: 0.79, 1.27; p-trend = 0.82) for MDD-W, 0.96 (95%CI: 0.76, 1.22; p-trend = 0.88) for FGI, 0.63 (95%CI: 0.50, 0.81; p-trend <0.0001) for the AHEI-2010 and 0.68 (95%CI: 0.54, 0.86; p-trend = 0.003) for the PDQS. Similarly, the RR's of HDPs were 0.92 (95%CI: 0.75, 1.12, p-trend = 0.94) for MDD-W, 0.97 (95%CI: 0.79, 1.17; p-trend = 0.83) for FGI, 0.84 (95%CI: 0.70, 1.02; p-trend = 0.07) for AHEI-2010 and 0.89 (95%CI: 0.74, 1.09; p-trend = 0.07) for PDQS.
conclusionsMDD-W and FGI did not predict the risk of GDM and HDPs. These DDS should not be widely used as metrics for achieving dietary goals in their present form. The Prime Diet Quality Score warrants further testing as a promising measure of a sustainable and healthy diet on a global scale.
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