ArticleJAMA internal medicine2018
Association of Medical and Adult-Use Marijuana Laws With Opioid Prescribing for Medicaid Enrollees.
Article in JAMA internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between state cannabis laws and opioid outcomes: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Pooled it
- Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis Suggests thatCannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Pooled it
- Impact evaluations of drug decriminalisation and legal regulation on drug use, health and social harms: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- A Rapid Review of the Impact of Systems-Level Policies and Interventions on Population-Level Outcomes Related to the Opioid Epidemic, United States and Canada, 2014-2018.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- The association between state cannabis legalization and non-fatal opioid poisonings among adults with employer-sponsored insurance in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- The Impact of Medical Cannabis Laws on Cannabis and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment and Overdose-Related Health Care Utilization Among Adults With Chronic Noncancer Pain.The Milbank quarterly · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Cannabis Use Among Head and Neck Cancer Survivors.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Exploring pain management preferences: a discrete choice experiment on cannabis or opioids among middle-aged and older adults.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Cannabis Legalization and Opioid Use Disorder in Veterans Health Administration Patients.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Impact of medical and recreational cannabis laws on inpatient visits for asthma.Health services research · 2025Article
- Association Between Legal Access to Medical Cannabis and Frequency of Non-Medical Prescription Opioid Use Among U.S. Adults.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- The Combined Relationship of Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Enactment and Medical Cannabis Laws with Chronic Pain-Related Healthcare Visits.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Association of State Cannabis Legalization With Cannabis Use Disorder and Cannabis Poisoning.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
- Do Medical and Recreational Marijuana State Laws Impact Trends in Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions Among Patients Who Have Undergone TJA?Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025Article
- The relationship of medical and recreational cannabis laws with opioid misuse and opioid use disorder in the USA: Does it depend on prior history of cannabis use?The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- The association of state policies and opioid analgesic amount dispensed from retail pharmacies.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Measuring the Impact of Medical Cannabis Law Adoption on Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Costs: A Difference-in-Difference Analysis, 2003-2022.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Article
- Recreational Cannabis Laws and Fills of Pain Prescriptions in the Privately Insured.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Cannabis Laws and Utilization of Medications for the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- State paid sick leave mandates associated with increased mental health disorder prescriptions among Medicaid enrollees.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Overprescribing of opioids is considered a major driving force behind the opioid epidemic in the United States. Marijuana is one of the potential nonopioid alternatives that can relieve pain at a relatively lower risk of addiction and virtually no risk of overdose. Marijuana liberalization, including medical and adult-use marijuana laws, has made marijuana available to more Americans. Objective: To examine the association of state implementation of medical and adult-use marijuana laws with opioid prescribing rates and spending among Medicaid enrollees. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design comparing opioid prescribing trends between states that started to implement medical and adult-use marijuana laws between 2011 and 2016 and the remaining states. This population-based study across the United States included all Medicaid fee-for-service and managed care enrollees, a high-risk population for chronic pain, opioid use disorder, and opioid overdose. Exposures: State implementation of medical and adult-use marijuana laws from 2011 to 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures: Opioid prescribing rate, measured as the number of opioid prescriptions covered by Medicaid on a quarterly, per-1000-Medicaid-enrollee basis. Results: State implementation of medical marijuana laws was associated with a 5.88% lower rate of opioid prescribing (95% CI, -11.55% to approximately -0.21%). Moreover, the implementation of adult-use marijuana laws, which all occurred in states with existing medical marijuana laws, was associated with a 6.38% lower rate of opioid prescribing (95% CI, -12.20% to approximately -0.56%). Conclusions and Relevance: The potential of marijuana liberalization to reduce the use and consequences of prescription opioids among Medicaid enrollees deserves consideration during the policy discussions about marijuana reform and the opioid epidemic.
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