ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Learned immunosuppressive placebo responses in renal transplant patients.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Conditioning + Open-label Placebo for the Management of Pain in Children Who Undergo Surgical Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis
Conditioning, Open-label Placebo for Pain Management in Adolescents and Young Adults Undergoing Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO)
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic qualitative review of ethical issues in open label placebo in published research.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Learning by observing: a systematic exploration of modulatory factors and the impact of observationally induced placebo and nocebo effects on treatment outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Placebo effects improve sickness symptoms and drug efficacy during systemic inflammation: a randomized controlled trial in human experimental endotoxemia.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of conditioning + open-label placebo for post-operative pain management in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Pain management · 2025Trial
- Shaping Treatment Expectation to Optimize Efficacy of Interleukin 17A Antagonist Secukinumab in Psoriasis Patients.Psoriasis (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of Conditioned Open-label Placebo With Methadone in Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Savor the flavor: A randomized double-blind study assessing taste-enhanced placebo analgesia in healthy volunteers.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Dose-Dependent Acute Effects of Everolimus Administration on Immunological, Neuroendocrine and Psychological Parameters in Healthy Men.Clinical and translational science · 2020Trial
- Effects of oxytocin administration and conditioned oxytocin on brain activity: An fMRI study.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Commentary: A systematic review of the effectiveness of psychological interventions in organ transplantation.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Sustained learned immunosuppression could not prevent local allergic ear swelling in a rat model of contact hypersensitivity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An update on non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- A social science: Using psychoneuroimmunology principles to promote career longevity, productivity, and meaning.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- The Effects of Fingolimod (FTY720) on Leukocyte Subset Circulation cannot be Behaviourally Conditioned in Rats.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Can Pharmacological Conditioning as an Add-On Treatment Optimize Standard Pharmacological Treatment in Patients with Recent-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Proof-of-Principle Randomized Clinical Trial.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Working with patients' treatment expectations - what we can learn from homeopathy.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Review
- "Powerful placebo": A teaching and learning concept addressing placebo and nocebo effects in competency-based communication training.GMS journal for medical education · 2024Article
- Placebo effects in osteoarthritis: implications for treatment and drug development.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- [Conditioning of the immune system-Already clinically usable?]Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients after organ transplantation or with chronic, inflammatory autoimmune diseases require lifelong treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, which have toxic adverse effects. Recent insight into the neurobiology of placebo responses shows that associative conditioning procedures can be employed as placebo-induced dose reduction strategies in an immunopharmacological regimen. However, it is unclear whether learned immune responses can be produced in patient populations already receiving an immunosuppressive regimen. Thus, 30 renal transplant patients underwent a taste-immune conditioning paradigm, in which immunosuppressive drugs (unconditioned stimulus) were paired with a gustatory stimulus [conditioned stimulus (CS)] during the learning phase. During evocation phase, after patients were reexposed to the CS, T cell proliferative capacity was significantly reduced in comparison with the baseline kinetics of T cell functions under routine drug intake (ƞ
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.