Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2018
Long-term Impact of Oral Azithromycin Taken by Gambian Women During Labor on Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in Their Infants: Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT01800942 (Prevention of Bacterial Infections in the Newborn by Pre-delivery Administration of Azithromycin), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prevention of Bacterial Infections in the Newborn by Pre-delivery Administration of Azithromycin (AZI): a Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of antibiotic prophylaxis during labour on maternal and neonatal outcomes in women planning vaginal birth.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Global epidemiology of asymptomatic colonisation of methicillin-resistantArchives of disease in childhood · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy of a single dose of oral azithromycin in labour to prevent infections in infants and birthing parents in Fiji: secondary outcomes from a randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Impact of Intrapartum Azithromycin on the Carriage and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Mothers and Their Newborns: A Substudy of a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Conducted in The Gambia and Burkina Faso.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Azithromycin to Prevent Sepsis or Death in Women Planning a Vaginal Birth.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Effect of intra-partum azithromycin on the development of the infant nasopharyngeal microbiota: A post hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized trial.EBioMedicine · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Impact of Intrapartum Oral Azithromycin on the Acquired Macrolide Resistome of Infants' Nasopharynx: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Trial
- Genomic investigation of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from Gambian women and newborns following an oral dose of intra-partum azithromycin.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Trial
- Genomic approach to determine sources of neonatal Staphylococcus aureus infection from carriage in the Gambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Community use of oral antibiotics transiently reprofiles the intestinal microbiome in young Bangladeshi children.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Recent advances in nanoantibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria.Nanoscale advances · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2018
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Oral azithromycin given to women in labor decreases maternal and neonatal bacterial carriage but increases azithromycin-resistant bacteria during at least 4 weeks following the intervention. We assessed the prevalence of bacterial carriage and azithromycin resistance 12 months after treatment among study infants. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected between November 2014 and May 2015 from children aged 11-13 months whose mothers had received azithromycin or placebo during labor. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated using conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion and confirmed by Etest or VITEK-2. Results: NPSs were collected from 461 children. The prevalence of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus was similar between children from the azithromycin and placebo arms (85.0% vs 82.1%; odds ratio [OR], 1.23 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .73-2.08] for S. pneumoniae and 21.7% vs 21.3%; OR, 1.02 [95% CI, .64-1.64] for S. aureus). Prevalence of azithromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae was similar in both arms (1.8% vs 0.9% in children from the azithromycin and placebo arms, respectively; OR, 2.10 [95% CI, .30-23.38]); resistance to other antibiotics was also similar between arms. For S. aureus, there was no difference in azithromycin resistance between children in the azithromycin (3.1%) and placebo (2.6%) arms (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, .35-4.47]) or resistance to any other antibiotics. Conclusions: The higher prevalence of S. aureus azithromycin resistance observed among women treated during labor and their babies 4 weeks after treatment had waned 12 months after delivery. Azithromycin intervention did not induce other antibiotic resistance to S. pneumoniae or S. aureus. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01800942.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.