ArticlePsychological medicine2019
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in siblings.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mid-childhood developmental and behavioural outcomes in infants with a family history of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- The application of population data linkage to capture sibling health outcomes among children and young adults with neurodevelopmental conditions. A scoping review.International journal of population data science · 2025Article
- Rates of family history of autism and ADHD varies with recruitment approach and socio-economic status.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2024Article
- Selective mutism and the risk of mental and neurodevelopmental disorders among siblings.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Three year outcomes in infants with a family history of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- "I wanted to hide but also to be found": the high school experiences of young adults who grew up in the same home as a sibling with depression.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Familial co-aggregation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autoimmune diseases: a cohort study based on Swedish population-wide registers.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Neuropsychiatric "Comorbidity" as Causal Influence in Autism.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2020Review
- Behavioral predictors of autism recurrence are genetically independent and influence social reciprocity: evidence that polygenic ASD risk is mediated by separable elements of developmental liability.Translational psychiatry · 2019Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD: Overlapping Phenomenology, Diagnostic Issues, and Treatment Considerations.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProbands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for several psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. The risk of these disorders among the siblings of probands has not been thoroughly assessed in a population-based cohort.
methodsEvery child born in Finland in 1991-2005 and diagnosed with ADHD in 1995-2011 were identified from national registers. Each case was matched with four controls on sex, place, and date of birth. The full siblings of the cases and controls were born in 1981-2007 and diagnosed in 1981-2013. In total, 7369 cases with 12 565 siblings and 23 181 controls with 42 753 siblings were included in the analyses conducted using generalized estimating equations.
results44.2% of the cases and 22.2% of the controls had at least one sibling diagnosed with any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder (risk ratio, RR = 2.1; 95% CI 2.0-2.2). The strongest associations were demonstrated for childhood-onset disorders including ADHD (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 5.1-6.3), conduct and oppositional disorders (RR = 4.0; 95% CI 3.5-4.5), autism spectrum disorders (RR = 3.9; 95% CI 3.3-4.6), other emotional and social interaction disorders (RR = 2.7; 95% CI 2.4-3.1), learning and coordination disorders (RR = 2.6; 95% CI 2.4-2.8), and intellectual disability (RR = 2.4; 95% CI 2.0-2.8). Also, bipolar disorder, unipolar mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, other neurotic and personality disorders, substance abuse disorders, and anxiety disorders occurred at increased frequency among the siblings of cases.
conclusionsThe results offer potential utility for early identification of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in at-risk siblings of ADHD probands and also argue for more studies on common etiologies.
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