ReviewHandbook of clinical neurology2018
CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Review in Handbook of clinical neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Isolated Central Nervous System Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome-Case Report and Literature Review.Respirology case reports · 2026Article
- Guideline of the German Society of Neurology (DGN): "diagnosis and therapy of HIV-1-associated neurological disorders".Neurological research and practice · 2026Review
- Tuberculosis-associated IRIS in a young non-HIV patient undergoing TNF-α blockade for ankylosis spondylitis: a rare case report from Italy.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Persistent neuroimmune alterations in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected at age 6-7 years: Associations with language development in a South African birth cohort.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Individualized immunotherapy for immune reconstitution-associated cortical encephalitis in an HIV-positive cryptococcal meningitis patient: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Immune reconstitution-related neurological deterioration in advanced HIV infection with multiple opportunistic infections: a diagnostic challenge.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Concurrent Tuberculous Meningitis and Toxoplasma Encephalitis in an HIV-Positive Patient: An Exceptionally Rare Case.Cureus · 2025Article
- An HIV-Infected Patient Developed Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome After Antiretroviral Therapy and Was Diagnosed with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia, Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults, and Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Maternal and child immune profiles are associated with neurometabolite measures of early-life neuroinflammation in children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected: a South African birth cohort.Wellcome open research · 2025Article
- SIV-specific antibodies protect against inflammasome-driven encephalitis in untreated macaques.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Ongoing Healthcare Disparities in neuroHIV: Addressing Gaps in the Care Continuum.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Neuroradiology of acute pathologies in adults with hematologic malignancies: a pictorial review.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Review
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: prevalence, main characteristics, and outcomes in a Brazilian center.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Hyperinflammatory syndrome in a paediatric patient with a recent diagnosis of HIV/AIDS infection: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or immune reconstitution syndrome?BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Toxoplasmosis mimicking CMV chorioretinitis in newly diagnosed PLWH: a case report.Le infezioni in medicina · 2023Article
- Meningeal Sporotrichosis Due toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Axicabtagene Ciloleucel in Patients Ineligible for ZUMA-1 Because of CNS Involvement and/or HIV: A Multicenter Experience.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) · 2022Article
- Pulmonary Kaposi Sarcoma without Respiratory Symptoms and Skin Lesions in an HIV-Naïve Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.Infectious disease reports · 2022Article
- A Neurometabolic Pattern of Elevated Myo-Inositol in Children Who Are HIV-Exposed and Uninfected: A South African Birth Cohort Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Acute paraparesis in HIV-infected patient after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) describes a syndrome of aberrant reconstituted immunity, often in association with HIV infection, beginning with a normalization of CD4+ T-cell counts resulting in a dysregulated immune response against an infecting opportunistic pathogen and the host. In this chapter, we discuss the unique nature of IRIS when present in the central nervous system (CNS IRIS) and the changes experienced with each host pathogen and its unique influence on the immune system. Consensus on the mechanism of action of the immune system in IRIS pathology is less clear and multiple theories have been proposed. Here we explore the early history of the term IRIS, proposed mechanisms and animal models, as well as common CNS pathogens associated with IRIS, and management strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.