Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29603899›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2018

The adoption of generic immunosuppressant medications in kidney, liver, and heart transplantation among recipients in Colorado or nationally with Medicare part D.

Qian Liu, Abigail R Smith, Jeong M Park, Murewa Oguntimein, Sarah Dutcher, Ghalib Bello, Margaret Helmuth, Marc Turenne, Rajesh Balkrishnan, Melissa Fava and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Observational
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Generic Tacrolimus (TacrobellDrug design, development and therapy · 2019
    Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Qian LiuArbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Abigail R SmithArbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Jeong M ParkUniversity of Michigan, College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Murewa OguntimeinFood and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Sarah DutcherFood and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Ghalib BelloArbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Margaret HelmuthArbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Marc TurenneArbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Rajesh BalkrishnanUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Melissa FavaArbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Charlotte A BeilArbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Adam SaullesUniversity of Michigan, College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sangeeta GoelUniversity of Michigan, College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Pratima SharmaUniversity of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1182-0579
Alan LeichtmanArbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Jarcy ZeeArbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Funding

Transplant Outcomes Using Generic and Brand Name Immunosuppressants: studying medications used by people who have received kidney and liver transplantsU01FD005274 · FDA · ARBOR RESEARCH COLLABORATIVE FOR HEALTH · PI LEICHTMAN, ALAN B · 2014 to 2015
$966k
FDA HHS U01 FD005274
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The transplant community is divided regarding whether substitution with generic immunosuppressants is appropriate for organ transplant recipients. We estimated the rate of uptake over time of generic immunosuppressants using US Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Event (PDE) and Colorado pharmacy claims (including both Part D and non-Part D) data from 2008 to 2013. Data from 26 070 kidney, 15 548 liver, and 6685 heart recipients from Part D, and 1138 kidney and 389 liver recipients from Colorado were analyzed. The proportions of patients with PDEs or claims for generic and brand-name tacrolimus or mycophenolate mofetil were calculated over time by transplanted organ and drug. Among Part D kidney, liver, and heart beneficiaries, the proportion dispensed generic tacrolimus reached 50%-56% at 1 year after first generic approval and 78%-81% by December 2013. The proportion dispensed generic mycophenolate mofetil reached 70%-73% at 1 year after generic market entry and 88%-90% by December 2013. There was wide interstate variability in generic uptake, with faster uptake in Colorado compared with most other states. Overall, generic substitution for tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil for organ transplant recipients increased rapidly following first availability, and utilization of generic immunosuppressants exceeded that of brand-name products within a year of market entry.

Indexed as

Drugs, GenericFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeart TransplantationHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsKidney TransplantationLiver TransplantationMaleMedicare Part DMiddle AgedPrognosisTransplant RecipientsUnited StatesDrugs, GenericImmunosuppressive Agentsbrand-namegenericgeneric drug substitutionhealth services and outcomes researchheart transplantationimmunosuppressantkidney transplantationliver transplantation/hepatologyorgan transplantation in general

Identifiers

PMID29603899
PMCPMC6537862

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.