ArticleMolecular microbiology2018
Regulons and protein-protein interactions of PRD-containing Bacillus anthracis virulence regulators reveal overlapping but distinct functions.
Article in Molecular microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental regulation of toxin production in Bacillus anthracis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Environmental Regulation of Toxin Production inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Giving a signal: how protein phosphorylation helps Bacillus navigate through different life stages.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax "cross-over" strainFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Overlapping and Distinct Functions of the Paralogous PagR Regulators of Bacillus anthracis.Journal of bacteriology · 2022Article
- BrnQ-Type Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transporters Influence Bacillus anthracis Growth and Virulence.mBio · 2022Article
- Article
- PRD-Containing Virulence Regulators (PCVRs) in Pathogenic Bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Increased Excess Intracellular Cyclic di-AMP Levels Impair Growth and Virulence of Bacillus anthracis.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Rap Protein Paralogs of Bacillus thuringiensis: a Multifunctional and Redundant Regulatory Repertoire for the Control of Collective Functions.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Influence of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system on toxin gene expression and virulence in Bacillus anthracis.Molecular microbiology · 2020Article
- AtxA-Controlled Small RNAs ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis produces three regulators, AtxA, AcpA and AcpB, which control virulence gene transcription and belong to an emerging class of regulators termed 'PCVRs' (Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase regulation Domain-Containing Virulence Regulators). AtxA, named for its control of toxin gene expression, is the master virulence regulator and archetype PCVR. AcpA and AcpB are less well studied. Reports of PCVR activity suggest overlapping function. AcpA and AcpB independently positively control transcription of the capsule biosynthetic operon capBCADE, and culture conditions that enhance AtxA level or activity result in capBCADE transcription in strains lacking acpA and acpB. We used RNA-Seq to assess the regulons of the paralogous regulators in strains constructed to express individual PCVRs at native levels. Plasmid and chromosome-borne genes were PCVR controlled, with AtxA, AcpA and AcpB having a ≥ 4-fold effect on transcript levels of 145, 130 and 49 genes respectively. Several genes were coregulated by two or three PCVRs. We determined that AcpA and AcpB form homomultimers, as shown previously for AtxA, and we detected AtxA-AcpA heteromultimers. In co-expression experiments, AcpA activity was reduced by increased levels of AtxA. Our data show that the PCVRs have specific and overlapping activity and that PCVR stoichiometry and potential heteromultimerization can influence target gene expression.
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Registered trials
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