ArticleGut2018
Development of a new patient-derived xenograft humanised mouse model to study human-specific tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy.
Article in Gut, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the blood-brain barrier: humanised mice, the missing link in glioblastoma research.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Humanized immune system animal models and their recent applications.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Recent advances in the construction of humanized animal models and applications in translational medicine.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Animal models and pathogenesis of gastric cancer: from premalignant conditions-to-metastasis.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived Models of Liver Cancer to Inform Clinical Treatment Paradigms: Recent Updates.Seminars in liver disease · 2026Review
- The application of experimental models for the drug discovery for digestive tumors.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Discovery of tumor antigens in renal cell carcinoma and prospects for clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Individualized drug screening in cholangiocarcinoma using organoid models and patient-derived tumor xenograft.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Multi-Omics and Functional Analysis of BFSP1 as a Prognostic and Therapeutic Target in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Construction and application of a humanized mouse model for prostate cancer in immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Functional Assays to Guide Personalized Oncological Treatment of Patients with Soft-Tissue Sarcomas.Cancers · 2025Review
- FADD Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Potentiates CD8+ T-cell Responses and Sensitizes to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancer research · 2025Article
- MicroRNA Landscape in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Metabolic Re-Wiring, Predictive and Diagnostic Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Dual-Targeting of ATOX1 and ROCK1: A Potent Strategy to Potentiate the Inhibition of Lung Adenocarcinoma Proliferation.Cancers · 2025Article
- Multicenter study correlating molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes of cancer cases with patient-derived organoids.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Patient-derived xenograft model: Applications and challenges in liver cancer.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Reproducible extracellular matrices for tumor organoid culture: challenges and opportunities.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Human GM-CSF/IL-3 enhance tumor immune infiltration in humanized HCC patient-derived xenografts.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Precision models in hepatocellular carcinoma.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Imbalance of oral microbiome homeostasis: the relationship between microbiota and the occurrence of dental caries.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAs the current therapeutic strategies for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been proven to have limited effectiveness, immunotherapy becomes a compelling way to tackle the disease. We aim to provide humanised mouse (humice) models for the understanding of the interaction between human cancer and immune system, particularly for human-specific drug testing.
designPatient-derived xenograft tumours are established with type I human leucocyte antigen matched human immune system in NOD-
resultsSimilar to the clinical outcomes, the human immune system in our model is educated by the tumour and exhibits exhaustion phenotypes such as a significant declination of leucocyte numbers, upregulation of exhaustion markers and decreased the production of human proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, cytotoxic immune cells decreased more rapidly compared with other cell types. Tumour infiltrated T cells have much higher expression of exhaustion markers and lower cytokine production compared with peripheral T cells. In addition, tumour-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are found to be highly enriched in the tumour microenvironment. Interestingly, the tumour also changes gene expression profiles in response to immune responses by upregulating immune checkpoint ligands. Most importantly, in contrast to the NSG model, our model demonstrates both therapeutic and side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and ipilimumab.
conclusionsOur work provides a model for immune-oncology study and a useful parallel-to-human platform for anti-HCC drug testing, especially immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.