ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
The bacterial type III-secreted protein AvrRps4 is a bipartite effector.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Plasmodesmata During Plant-Pathogen Interactions.The plant pathology journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Three new discovery effector proteins from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus psy62 inhibit plant defense through interaction with AtCAT3 and AtGAPA.Plant cell reports · 2024Article
- Greater than the sum of their parts: an overview of the AvrRps4 effector family.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Tuning the Wavelength: Manipulation of Light Signaling to Control Plant Defense.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Callose metabolism and the regulation of cell walls and plasmodesmata during plant mutualistic and pathogenic interactions.Plant, cell & environment · 2023Review
- Fungal Effectoromics: A World in Constant Evolution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Class I TCP transcription factor AtTCP8 modulates key brassinosteroid-responsive genes.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- AvrRps4 effector family processing and recognition in lettuce.Molecular plant pathology · 2022Article
- Perception of structurally distinct effectors by the integrated WRKY domain of a plant immune receptor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Bacterial effector targeting of a plant iron sensor facilitates iron acquisition and pathogen colonization.The Plant cell · 2021Article
- What the Wild Things Do: Mechanisms of Plant Host Manipulation by Bacterial Type III-Secreted Effector Proteins.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Nuclear Localization of HopA1Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Oomycetes Used in Arabidopsis Research.The arabidopsis book · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial effector proteins secreted into host plant cells manipulate those cells to the benefit of the pathogen, but effector-triggered immunity (ETI) occurs when effectors are recognized by host resistance proteins. The RPS4/RRS1 pair recognizes the Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi effector AvrRps4. AvrRps4 is processed in planta into AvrRps4N (133 amino acids), homologous to the N-termini of other effectors including the native P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 effector HopK1, and AvrRps4C (88 amino acids). Previous data suggested that AvrRps4C alone is necessary and sufficient for resistance when overexpressed in heterologous systems. We show that delivering AvrRps4C from DC3000, but not from a DC3000 hopK1- strain, triggers resistance in the Arabidopsis accession Col-0. Delivering AvrRps4C in tandem with AvrRps4N, or as a chimera with HopK1N, fully complements AvrRps4-triggered immunity. AvrRps4N in the absence of AvrRps4C enhances virulence in Col-0. In addition, AvrRps4N triggers a hypersensitive response in lettuce that is attenuated by coexpression of AvrRps4C, further supporting the role of AvrRps4N as a bona fide effector domain. Based on these results we propose that evolutionarily, fusion of AvrRps4C to AvrRps4N may have counteracted recognition of AvrRps4N, and that the plant RPS4/RRS1 resistance gene pair was selected as a countermeasure. We conclude that AvrRps4 represents an unusual chimeric effector, with recognition in Arabidopsis by RPS4/RRS1 requiring the presence of both processed effector moieties.
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