ArticleJournal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association2018
Chemical Contaminants in Raw and Pasteurized Human Milk.
Article in Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of contaminants in donor human milk.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Has Regulatory Action Reduced Human Exposure to Flame Retardants?Environmental science & technology · 2023Pooled it
- Changes and Relationships Between PCB 126, PCB 169 and Macroelement Concentrations During the Technological Process of Selected High-Fat Dairy Products.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- The State of Research and Weight of Evidence on the Epigenetic Effects of Bisphenol A.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Chlorpyrifos Occurrence and Toxicological Risk Assessment: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Combining in vitro assays and mathematical modelling to study developmental neurotoxicity induced by chemical mixtures.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Antioxidative Molecules in Human Milk and Environmental Contaminants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- ExpoKids: An R-based tool for characterizing aggregate chemical exposure during childhood.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2021Article
- Integrating biokinetics and in vitro studies to evaluate developmental neurotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos in human iPSC-derived neural stem cells undergoing differentiation towards neuronal and glial cells.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Developmental Exposure to PCB153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl) Alters Circadian Rhythms and the Expression of Clock and Metabolic Genes.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnvironmental contaminants ranging from legacy chemicals like p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to emerging chemicals like phthalates are ubiquitous. Research aims/questions: This research aims to examine the presence and co-occurrence of contaminants in human milk and effects of pasteurization on human milk chemical contaminants.
methodsWe analyzed human milk donated by 21 women to a milk bank for 23 chemicals, including the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) isomers that are known to sequester in adipose tissue, along with the current-use and nonpersistent pesticides chlorpyrifos and permethrin, phthalates, and bisphenol A (BPA). Human milk was analyzed raw and pasteurized for these chemicals using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the POPs and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for non-POPs.
resultsWithin the different chemical classes, PBDE47, PCB153, ppDDE, and MEHHP (phthalate metabolite) had the highest median concentrations and were observed in all samples. We also observed chlorpyrifos and BPA in all samples and permethrin in 90% of the samples tested. Only two chemicals, chlorpyrifos and permethrin, were susceptible to substantial degradation from pasteurization, a standard method for processing donated human milk.
conclusionWe detected 19 of 23 chemicals in all of our prepasteurized milk and 18 of 23 chemicals in all of our pasteurized milk. Pasteurization did not affect the presence of most of the chemicals. Future research should continue to explore human milk for potential chemical contamination and as a means to surveil exposures among women and children.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.