ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2018
Ethnic Disparity in Annual Healthcare Expenditures for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ningxia, China.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The economic burden of Type 2 Diabetes by social determinants of health: A systematic review.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Economic burden and cost of non-adherence in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of middle- and high-income countries.Health economics review · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications has been increasing worldwide with an increasing provision of long-term medications and health services. This study aimed to assess the healthcare costs for T2DM patients for vulnerable ethnic minority.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from October 13, 2016, to June 19, 2017, in two public hospitals in Ningxia, China. Eligible Hui and Han inpatients were recruited and interviewed. Ethnic disparities in annual healthcare expenditures for T2DM measured from a societal perspective and its associations of expenditures with other factors were analyzed by linear and quantile regressions.
resultsEthnic disparities in annual healthcare expenditures for T2DM were demonstrated, mainly reflecting differences in the cost of productivity loss. The quantile of annual healthcare expenditure showed significant ethnic disparities in T2DM patients with complications. At the 10th to 50th quantiles of healthcare expenditures, Hui patients had significantly lower expenditures than Han patients in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Non-significant difference in expenditures between Hui and Han patients was found at the 90th quantile of expenditure in the unadjusted model, but significantly higher expenditures for Hui patients were shown when adjusted for socioeconomic and clinical factors.
conclusionT2DM Hui patients faced significantly higher expenditures than Han patients when the costs of healthcare were high. Appropriate national policy considering the issue of ethnic minority should be further explored to improve health and subsidize economic burden for T2DM patients.
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