ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2019
Assessment of polyurethane spheres as surrogates for military ballistic head injury.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Projectile deformation on human bone and on a polyurethane simulant.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Autopsy findings in victims of gunshot injuries: wound ballistic considerations based on test shots to simulants and composite models.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Review
- The use of human tissue surrogates in anatomical modeling for gunshot wounds simulations: an overview about "how to do" experimental terminal ballistics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Interpol review of forensic firearm examination 2019-2022.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Review
- Ballistic trauma caused by military rifles: experimental study based on synthetic skull proxies.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2022Article
- A study into the viability of Synbone® as a proxy for Sus scrofa (domesticus) ribs for use with 7.62 × 51 mm Full Metal Jacket ammunition in ballistic testing.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2021Article
- A study into the viability of Synbone® as a proxy for Sus scrofa (domesticus) ribs for use with 5.56-mm open tip match ammunition in ballistic testing.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- The ballistic performance of bone when impacted by fragments.International journal of legal medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SYNBONE® spheres were impacted with 7.62 × 39 mm mild steel core ammunition at a mean impact velocity of 654 m/s, SD 7 m/s, to simulate engagement distances of around 50-100 m. The wounds and fracture patterns were assessed by two forensic pathologists familiar with military cranial injury. The overall fracture pattern was assessed as being too comminuted when compared with actual injury. This suggests the SYNBONE® spheres have less utility for simulating military injury than other purposes described in the literature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.