ArticleNursing open2018
Contraceptives as possible risk factors for postpartum depression: A retrospective study of the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system, 2004-2015.
Article in Nursing open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03978598 (Effect of Immediate Versus Standard Postpartum Insertion of the Contraceptive Implant on Breastfeeding Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Immediate Versus Standard Postpartum Insertion of the Contraceptive Implant on Breastfeeding Outcomes
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postpartum hormonal contraception use and incidence of postpartum depression: a systematic review.The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception · 2019Pooled it
- Identifying psychiatric comorbidities that occur following the introduction of hormonal contraception: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Pharmacovigilance study of the association between progestogen and depression based on the FDA adverse event reporting System (FAERS).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of contraception use and pregnancy intention with perinatal depression risk among Omani mothers-a longitudinal cohort study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Hormonally Active Contraceptives Part I: Risks Acknowledged and Unacknowledged.The Linacre quarterly · 2021Article
- Design of Exercise Nursing Program for Pelvic Floor Muscle Function Recovery at 42 Days Postpartum.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2021Observational
- Prevalence and risk factors associated with postnatal depression in a South African primary care facility.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2020Article
- Contraceptives as possible risk factors for postpartum depression: A retrospective study of the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system, 2004-2015.Nursing open · 2018Article
- An Assessment of the Risk Factors and Concerns of Postpartum Depression among Mothers Seeking Health Care in North Central Trinidad.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that commonly affects women during the early postpartum period. The objective of this study was to analyse the association of postpartum depression with drugs (including contraceptive devices and implants) with spontaneously reported adverse events reported in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database. Design: Retrospective study. Method: Reports of postpartum depression events between 2004-2015 were analysed with a reporting odds ratio (ROR) algorithm. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities was used to identify postpartum depression. Results: The reporting odds ratios (95% confidence intervals, CI) of levonorgestrel (an intrauterine device with progestogen), etonogestrel (a hormonal contraceptive implant), sertraline and drospirenone (an oral contraceptive) were 12.5 (8.7-18.0), 14.0 (8.5-22.8), 12.2 (6.5-23.1) and 5.4 (2.7-10.9) respectively. Among the drugs in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database, the use of contraceptives or an intrauterine device with progestogen might convey risk for postpartum depression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.