ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2018
Dimethyl fumarate targets GAPDH and aerobic glycolysis to modulate immunity.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 377 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
377 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 664 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review: the role of GSDMD in sepsis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Pooled it
- Metabolic impact of low dose IL-2 therapy for primary Sjögren's Syndrome in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Trial
- Dynamic metabolic programming of monocyte-derived cells defines immunity in CNS disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- The gasdermin family: from pyroptosis mechanisms to therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Fumarate and Its Esters: Physiology, Pathology, Molecular Mechanisms, Diseases, and Therapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Metabolic regulation of calcium homeostasis via SERCA succination.Science advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Vitamins impacting mental/physical well-being during viral pandemics: a mechanistic review based on COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming and Skin Immune Homeostasis: From Basic Mechanisms to Therapeutic Perspectives.Immune network · 2026Review
- Reprogramming macrophage metabolism for cardiovascular therapy: From molecular pathways to precision nanomedicine.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Neonatal monocyte iron metabolism and immunometabolic responses in sepsis: a comparative ex vivo investigation.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Metabolic Modulation by Dimethyl Fumarate Alters Docetaxel Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Glycolytic reprogramming in host response toExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- 3-Hydroxypropionic acid converts inflammatory macrophage glycolysis into mitochondrial oxidation through GAPDH carboxyethylation.iScience · 2026Article
- Metabolites as signalling molecules in the tumour immune microenvironment.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Spermine oxidase-DOX conjugates reshape tumor microenvironment via carbonyl stress to potentiate bladder cancer chemotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- NEK7 Cys298 is important for NLRP3 inflammasome and targetable by dimethyl fumarate.Cell chemical biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic vulnerabilities and therapeutic opportunities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Oncogenesis · 2026Review
- Rethinking MS Therapeutics: From Disease Pathogenesis Mechanisms to AI-Driven Drug Discovery.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
317 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Activated immune cells undergo a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis akin to the Warburg effect, thereby presenting a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune disease. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a derivative of the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate, is an immunomodulatory drug used to treat multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. Although its therapeutic mechanism remains uncertain, DMF covalently modifies cysteine residues in a process termed succination. We found that DMF succinates and inactivates the catalytic cysteine of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in mice and humans, both in vitro and in vivo. It thereby down-regulates aerobic glycolysis in activated myeloid and lymphoid cells, which mediates its anti-inflammatory effects. Our results provide mechanistic insight into immune modulation by DMF and represent a proof of concept that aerobic glycolysis is a therapeutic target in autoimmunity.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.