Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29596469›Full record

ArticlePloS one2018

Low SOX2 expression marks a distinct subset of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck and is associated with an advanced tumor stage.

Julia Thierauf, Stephanie E Weissinger, Johannes A Veit, Annette Affolter, Natalia K Laureano, Dirk Beutner, Gregor Heiduschka, Lorenz Kadletz, Moritz Meyer, Alexander Quaas and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Julia ThieraufDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9607-3866
Stephanie E WeissingerInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Johannes A VeitDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Annette AffolterDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Natalia K LaureanoDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Dirk BeutnerDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Gregor HeiduschkaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
Lorenz KadletzDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
Moritz MeyerDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Alexander QuaasInstitute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Peter PlinkertDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Thomas K HoffmannDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Jochen HessDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Heidelberg University · DEUniversity Hospital Cologne · DEUniversity Hospital Ulm · DEVienna General Hospital · ATGerman Cancer Research Center · DEUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · BRUniversitätsmedizin Göttingen · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe transcription factor SOX2 has been identified as a lineage survival oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma and copy number gain is a common event in several human malignancies including head and neck cancer. However, the regulation and function of SOX2 during carcinogenesis as well as its prognostic value appears to be highly context dependent. As an example, high SOX2 expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is related to a favorable prognosis, while it is associated with poor outcome in lung adenocarcinoma. More recently, higher SOX2 levels and improved survival was also reported for head and neck SCC (HNSCC), and silencing of SOX2 expression in HNSCC cell lines revealed a mesenchymal-like phenotype with prominent vimentin expression. So far, SOX2 expression and its clinical relevance for other head and neck cancers, such as adenoid cystic carcinoma (HNACC) have not been sufficiently investigated. MATERIAL AND

methodsSOX2, vimentin and E-cadherin expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining on serial sections from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue samples of a patient cohort (n = 45) with primary ACC and correlated with patient and tumor characteristics as well as survival.

resultsHigh SOX2 expression was found in 14 (31%) primary tumor specimens and was significantly correlated with a N0 lymph node status (p = 0.04), while low SOX2 expression was correlated with a solid growth pattern (p = 0.031). Of the 45 patients, 27 tumor samples resembled an EMT-like phenotype, as assessed by high vimentin and low E-cadherin levels. However, in HNACC SOX2 levels were neither correlated with vimentin nor with E-cadherin expression, further supporting a context dependent regulation and function of SOX2 in distinct tumor entities.

conclusionThe absence of SOX2 was predominantly found in solid HNACC, which are characterized by a more aggressive phenotype in ACC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of SOX2 regulation and function in distinct HNACC subgroups remain to be fully elucidated.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticCadherinsCarcinoma, Adenoid CysticFemaleHead and Neck NeoplasmsHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingSOXB1 Transcription FactorsVimentinCadherinsSOX2 protein, humanSOXB1 Transcription FactorsVimentin

Identifiers

PMID29596469
PMCPMC5875788
OpenAlexW2794931145

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.