ArticlePloS one2018
Potential geographic "hotspots" for drug-injection related transmission of HIV and HCV and for initiation into injecting drug use in New York City, 2011-2015, with implications for the current opioid epidemic in the US.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Insights into the spatial epidemiology of hepatitis C infection: systematic synthesis of area-level determinants and spatiotemporal analyses.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating spatially targeted HIV interventions and harm reduction services among people who inject drugs in a high-burden setting.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evaluating Spatially Targeted HIV Interventions and Harm Reduction Services Among People Who Inject Drugs in a High-Burden Setting.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Weather-Related Trends in Drug Use Incidents Aboard Transit Vehicles.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Examining predictors of substance use and treatment adequacy among formerly incarcerated individuals with a history of opioid and cocaine use: research protocol.Health & justice · 2025Article
- The Association Between Homophily on Illicit Drug Use and PrEP Conversations Among Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men Friends: A Dyadic Network and Spatially Explicit Study.Archives of sexual behavior · 2022Article
- Article
- Chronic hepatitis-C infection in COVID-19 patients is associated with in-hospital mortality.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Article
- Article
- Methodological approaches for the prediction of opioid use-related epidemics in the United States: a narrative review and cross-disciplinary call to action.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Rural risk environments, opioid-related overdose, and infectious diseases: A multidimensional, spatial perspective.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Geographically Focused Collocated Hepatitis C Screening and Treatment in Los Angeles's Skid Row.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2020Article
- Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Care Continuum Outcomes and HCV Community Viral Loads Among Patients in an Opioid Treatment Program.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Exploring Awareness of HCV Among Sexual-Minority Black Generation Millennials and Gen Z: a Qualitative Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2020Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Prevalence of HBsAg and HIV and HCV Antibodies among People Who Inject Drugs and Female Sex Workers.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Geographic distribution of risk ("Hotspots") for HIV, HCV, and drug overdose among persons who use drugs in New York City: the importance of local history.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
- HIV End the Epidemic in the South: The Importance of Measuring Progression to AIDS and Death.American journal of public health · 2019Article
- Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Factors Associated with Frequency of Recent Initiation of Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA, USA, 2016-17.Substance use & misuse · 2019Article
- Hepatitis C virus prevalence and estimated incidence among new injectors during the opioid epidemic in New York City, 2000-2017: Protective effects of non-injecting drug use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe identified potential geographic "hotspots" for drug-injecting transmission of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City. The HIV epidemic among PWID is currently in an "end of the epidemic" stage, while HCV is in a continuing, high prevalence (> 50%) stage.
methodsWe recruited 910 PWID entering Mount Sinai Beth Israel substance use treatment programs from 2011-2015. Structured interviews and HIV/ HCV testing were conducted. Residential ZIP codes were used as geographic units of analysis. Potential "hotspots" for HIV and HCV transmission were defined as 1) having relatively large numbers of PWID 2) having 2 or more HIV (or HCV) seropositive PWID reporting transmission risk-passing on used syringes to others, and 3) having 2 or more HIV (or HCV) seronegative PWID reporting acquisition risk-injecting with previously used needles/syringes. Hotspots for injecting drug use initiation were defined as ZIP codes with 5 or more persons who began injecting within the previous 6 years.
resultsAmong PWID, 96% injected heroin, 81% male, 34% White, 15% African-American, 47% Latinx, mean age 40 (SD = 10), 7% HIV seropositive, 62% HCV seropositive. Participants resided in 234 ZIP codes. No ZIP codes were identified as potential hotspots due to small numbers of HIV seropositive PWID reporting transmission risk. Four ZIP codes were identified as potential hotspots for HCV transmission. 12 ZIP codes identified as hotspots for injecting drug use initiation. DISCUSSION: For HIV, the lack of potential hotspots is further validation of widespread effectiveness of efforts to reduce injecting-related HIV transmission. Injecting-related HIV transmission is likely to be a rare, random event. HCV prevention efforts should include focus on potential hotspots for transmission and on hotspots for initiation into injecting drug use. We consider application of methods for the current opioid epidemic in the US.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.