ArticleACS nano2018
Amplification of CD20 Cross-Linking in Rituximab-Resistant B-Lymphoma Cells Enhances Apoptosis Induction by Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics.
Article in ACS nano, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prospects and challenges in intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Erythrocyte patch for enhanced B cell depletion therapy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Blood-brain barrier crossing biopolymer targeting c-Myc and anti-PD-1 activate primary brain lymphoma immunity: Artificial intelligence analysis.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Hydrophilic biomaterials: From crosslinked and self-assembled hydrogels to polymer-drug conjugates and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Human serum albumin-based drug-free macromolecular therapeutics induce apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient cells by crosslinking of CD20 and/or CD38 receptors.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Cell surface patching via CXCR4-targeted nanothreads for cancer metastasis inhibition.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Obinutuzumab-Based Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics Synergizes with Topoisomerase Inhibitors.Macromolecular bioscience · 2024Article
- Multi-targeted immunotherapeutics to treat B cell malignancies.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Review
- Simultaneous crosslinking of CD20 and CD38 receptors by drug-free macromolecular therapeutics enhances B cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Article
- Elevated circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells associated with poor prognosis in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
- Neurosurgery at the crossroads of immunology and nanotechnology. New reality in the COVID-19 pandemic.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Nanomedicines in B cell-targeting therapies.Acta biomaterialia · 2022Review
- Tumour Microenvironment Stress Promotes the Development of Drug Resistance.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Crosslinking of CD38 Receptors Triggers Apoptosis of Malignant B Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Adaptable antibody Nanoworms designed for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Biomaterials · 2020Article
- Exploration and Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics in Collagen-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Mouse Model.Macromolecular bioscience · 2020Article
- Inhibition of Immunosuppressive Tumors by Polymer-Assisted Inductions of Immunogenic Cell Death and Multivalent PD-L1 Crosslinking.Advanced functional materials · 2020Article
- Pathway Complexity in Fuel-Driven DNA Nanostructures with Autonomous Reconfiguration of Multiple Dynamic Steady States.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2020Article
- Polymer nanomedicines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Review
- Broadening and Enhancing Functions of Antibodies by Self-Assembling Multimerization at Cell Surface.ACS nano · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although the CD20-targeted monoclonal antibody rituximab (RTX) has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape for B-cell malignancy, relapsed and refractory disease due to RTX resistance continue to constitute major challenges, illustrating the need for better therapies. Here, we apply drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) that amplifies CD20 cross-linking to enhance apoptosis in RTX-resistant cells. Bispecific engager (anti-CD20 Fab' conjugated with oligonucleotide1) pretargets CD20 and the deletion of Fc-region minimizes its premature endocytosis in resistant cells that rapidly internalize and consume CD20/RTX complexes. Second-step delivery of multivalent polymeric effector (linear copolymer conjugated with multiple copies of complementary oligonucleotide 2) simultaneously hybridizes multiple CD20-bound engagers and strengthens CD20 ligation. Moreover, the restoration of CD20 expression by the pretreatment of cells with a polymer-gemcitabine conjugate, a CD20 expression enhancer, unleashes the full potential of DFMT in the CD20-deficient resistant cells. Hence, amplification of CD20 cross-linking is achieved by (1) the enhancement of surface CD20 accessibility, (2) the increase in CD20 expression, and (3) multimeric CD20 binding, which ultimately translates into the amplified activation of a wide range of innate apoptotic responses. We demonstrated that the altered molecular signaling pathway that originally results in RTX resistance could be circumvented and compensated by other DFMT-augmented pathways. Of note, our preliminary data provide proof-of-concept that CD20 cross-linking amplification emerges as an important strategy for overcoming RTX resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.