ArticleEuropean thyroid journal2018
2018 European Thyroid Association (ETA) Guidelines for the Management of Amiodarone-Associated Thyroid Dysfunction.
Article in European thyroid journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- Perchlorates in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis: a comprehensive review.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of high-dose intravenous glucocorticoid therapy on serum thyroid hormone concentrations in type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: an exploratory study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Trial
- Refractory amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis causing malignant arrhythmias, treated with therapeutic plasma exchange-bridged thyroidectomy.BMJ case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Amiodarone-related thyroid dysfunction and associated outcomes in patients with heart failure-A nationwide cohort study.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- To Be or Not to Be: Amiodarone as Both Savior and Foe-A Therapeutic Paradox in Atrial Fibrillation Management and Ventricular Arrhythmia Associated with Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Approach to the patient with thyroid storm.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Plasma exchange aids thyroidectomy in refractory amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, despite variable biochemical responses.European thyroid journal · 2026Article
- Major adverse cardiac events in patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis undergoing thyroidectomy: a multicenter study.European thyroid journal · 2026Article
- Sequential Amiodarone-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: From Myxedema Coma to Late-Onset Type 1 Thyrotoxicosis After Drug Withdrawal.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular adverse effects of common non-oncologic medications: from mechanisms to clinical management.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2026Review
- Assessing the effects of linseed consumption on thyroid hormones and hepatic toxicity in rats drenched with Cordarone overdose.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Thyrotoxicosis-Induced Chordal Rupture Causing Severe Mitral Regurgitation: Surgical Management and Outpatient Recovery.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Thyroid disease-attributed mortality burden and temporal trends among U.S. adults aged ≥65 years, 1999-2023: a nationwide analysis based on the CDC WONDER database.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Imaging evaluation of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction: ultrasonographic and radionuclide findings with clinical correlation.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- [Abnormal thyroid markers in critically ill patients-harmless irritation or a real problem?]Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Shows Greater Efficacy Than DFPP in Reducing FT3 and FT4 Levels in Thyrotoxicosis due to Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Type 2.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2025Article
- Thyrotoxicosis and Excess Iodine Due to Habitual Use of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Iodine While Gargling in an Iodine-sufficient Area.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Treatment with amiodarone is associated with changes in thyroid function tests, but also with thyroid dysfunction (amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, AIH, and amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, AIT). Both AIH and AIT may develop in apparently normal thyroid glands or in the presence of underlying thyroid abnormalities. AIH does not require amiodarone withdrawal, and is treated with levothyroxine replacement if overt, whereas subclinical forms may be followed without treatment. Two main types of AIT are recognized: type 1 AIT (AIT 1), a form of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism occurring in nodular goitres or latent Graves disease, and type 2 AIT (AIT 2), resulting from destructive thyroiditis in a normal thyroid gland. Mixed/indefinite forms exist due to both pathogenic mechanisms. AIT 1 is best treated with thionamides that may be combined for a few weeks with sodium perchlorate to make the thyroid gland more sensitive to thionamides. AIT 2 is treated with oral glucocorticoids. Once euthyroidism has been restored, AIT 2 patients are followed up without treatment, whereas AIT 1 patients should be treated with thyroidectomy or radioiodine. Mixed/indefinite forms of AIT are treated with thionamides. Oral glucocorticoids can be added from the beginning if a precise diagnosis is uncertain, or after a few weeks if response to thionamides alone is poor. The decision to continue or to stop amiodarone in AIT should be individualized in relation to cardiovascular risk stratification and taken jointly by specialist cardiologists and endocrinologists. In the presence of rapidly deteriorating cardiac conditions, emergency thyroidectomy may be required for all forms of AIT.
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