ArticleClinical epidemiology2018
Lifestyle in pregnancy and cryptorchidism in sons: a study within two large Danish birth cohorts.
Article in Clinical epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity and cryptorchidism across development: an integrated endocrine and metabolic life course framework.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Genetic, Epigenetic, and Non-Genetic Factors in Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Genes · 2025Review
- The epidemiology of cryptorchidism and potential risk factors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Clinical aspects of histological and hormonal parameters in boys with cryptorchidism: Thesis for PhD degree.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Maternal Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy and Genital Anomalies in Boys: A Register-Based Cohort and Sibling-Matched Design Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2022Article
- Caffeine use during pregnancy: prevalence of use and newborn consequences in a cohort of French pregnant women.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Article
- How boys and testicles wander to surgery: a nationwide cohort study of surgical delay in Sweden.BMJ paediatrics open · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCryptorchidism is the most frequent congenital malformation in boys and is associated with low sperm count, infertility and testicular cancer. Unhealthy maternal lifestyle during pregnancy such as smoking, high prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) as well as alcohol and caffeine intake may constitute possible risk factors for cryptorchidism, but results from the few previous studies are conflicting. We aimed to explore the association between maternal lifestyle factors and occurrence of cryptorchidism in sons. PATIENTS AND
methodsThe Danish National Birth Cohort and the Aarhus Birth Cohort provided information on maternal lifestyle from early pregnancy. Data were linked to several Danish health registers, multiple imputation was used to handle missing data and Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for potential confounders.
resultsIn total, 85,923 boys were included, and of them, 2.2% were diagnosed with cryptorchidism. We observed the strongest associations between maternal tobacco smoking and prepregnancy BMI and cryptorchidism. Sons of women who smoked 10-14 cigarettes/day had the highest hazard ratio (HR) for cryptorchidism (1.37; 95% CI: 1.06-1.76), and for maternal BMI ≥30 kg/m
conclusionMaternal tobacco smoking, overweight and obesity in pregnancy were associated with higher occurrence of cryptorchidism in boys in this study.
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