Observational studyBMJ open2018
Ethnic differences in the progression of chronic kidney disease and risk of death in a UK diabetic population: an observational cohort study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-Based Practice in Prescribing SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA Across Ethnic and Racial Groups: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- The Prevalence and Progression of Microvascular Complications and the Interaction With Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Ethnic inequalities in multiple long-term health conditions in the United Kingdom: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Ethnic Inequalities in Healthcare Use and Care Quality among People with Multiple Long-Term Health Conditions Living in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Performance of estimated glomerular filtration rate equations across ethnic groups in the AIM CKD UK cohort: a multicentre cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Long Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate MatterKidney international reports · 2026Article
- A new self-management engagement scale for haemodialysis patients (PRIESM CKD-HD): development and validation.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Is it ethically permissible for GPs to promote non-directed altruistic kidney donation to healthy adults?Journal of medical ethics · 2026Article
- Serum metabolomics identifies gut-derived uremic toxins and bile acid dysregulation associated with chronic kidney disease severity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ethnic Disparities in CKD Progression: A Comparative Study of CRIC and KNOW-CKD Cohorts.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review Evaluating Estimated GFR Performance in South Asian Populations.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Health economic evaluation of a risk-stratified intervention in diabetic kidney disease.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Impact of CKD on Female Reproductive Hormones.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Navigating the complexities of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) from risk factors to outcome: insights from the UK Biobank cohort.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Alternate Choice Organ Counselling in Altruistic Non-Directed Solid Organ Donation: An Ethical Analysis.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- Exploring Health Information Seeking Among Participants from a Black Ethnic Group in the UK: a Qualitative Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Community Point of Care Testing in Diagnosing and Managing Chronic Kidney Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine ethnic differences in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and risk of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and death in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to identify predictors of rapid renal decline.
designObservational community-based cohort study undertaken from 2006 to 2016 with nested case-control study.
setting135 inner London primary care practices contributing to the east London Database.
participantsGeneral practice-registered adults aged 25-85 years with established T2DM and CKD at baseline. OUTCOMES: The annual rate of renal decline was compared between white, south Asian and black groups, and stratified by proteinuria and raised blood pressure (BP) at baseline. Predictors of rapid renal decline were identified in a nested case-control study. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine ethnic differences in the risk of ESRF and death.
resultsAge-sex adjusted annual decline was greatest in the Bangladeshi population. There was stepwise increase in the rate of decline when stratifying the cohort by baseline proteinuria and BP control, with south Asian groups being most sensitive to the combined effect of proteinuria and raised BP after accounting for key confounders.The odds of rapid renal decline were increased for individuals of Bangladeshi, African and Caribbean ethnicity, those with hypertension, proteinuria, cardiovascular disease and with increasing duration of diabetes. Rapid progression was more frequent in younger age groups. Risk of developing ESRF was highest in the black group compared with the white group (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.19). Risk of death from any cause was 29% lower in the south Asian group compared with the white group (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.91).
conclusionsProteinuria and hypertension trigger accelerated estimated glomerular filtration rate decline differentially by ethnicity. Active monitoring of younger adults, who have greater odds of rapid progression and the most to gain from interventions, is essential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.