ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2018
Microcrystalline Tyrosine and Aluminum as Adjuvants in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Protect from IgE-Mediated Reactivity in Mouse Models and Act Independently of Inflammasome and TLR Signaling.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04104828 (Comparison of Innate Immune Responses Induced by Allergy Immunotherapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Innate Immune Responses Induced by Allergy Immunotherapy (AIT) With Different Adjuvants
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Six Injections of Modified Adjuvanted PQ Grass Is Effective and Well-Tolerated in a Pivotal Phase III Trial.Allergy · 2025Trial
- From human allergen immunotherapy to veterinary prophylactic vaccines: translational potential of Microcrystalline tyrosine as a vaccine adjuvant.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- Microcrystalline tyrosine as a novel depot-forming agent in venom immunotherapy: a pre-clinical evaluation in bee-venom allergic mice.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Article
- Adjuvant Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Article
- Biomimetic Apatite Nanoparticles and Microcrystalline Tyrosine as Biocompatible Vaccine Adjuvants: Performance in a Bluetongue Virus Sheep Model.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Review
- Crystallinity of covalent organic frameworks controls immune responses.Nature communications · 2024Article
- T cell independent antibody responses with class switch and memory using peptides anchored on liposomes.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Novel adjuvants in allergen-specific immunotherapy: where do we stand?Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Clinical and experimental treatment of allergic asthma with an emphasis on allergen immunotherapy and its mechanisms.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Article
- In situ delivery of nanoparticles formulated with micron-sized crystals protects from murine melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA Hydrogel as Depot Matrix for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- On the role of allergen-specific IgG subclasses for blocking human basophil activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- A meta-analysis on allergen-specific immunotherapy using MCTClinical and translational allergy · 2021Review
- Adjuvants and Vaccines Used in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.Vaccines · 2021Article
- CpG Adjuvant in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Finding the Sweet Spot for the Induction of Immune Tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Replication of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Aluminum Hydroxide-Induced Granulomas in Sheep: a Potential New Factor for Viral Dissemination.Journal of virology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only modality that can modify immune responses to allergen exposure, but therapeutic coverage is low. One strategy to improve AIT safety and efficacy is the use of new or improved adjuvants. This study investigates immune responses produced by microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT)-based vaccines as compared with conventional aluminum hydroxide (alum). Wild-type, immune-signaling-deficient, and TCR-transgenic mice were treated with different Ags (e.g., OVA and cat dander Fel d 1), plus MCT or alum as depot adjuvants. Specific Ab responses in serum were measured by ELISA, whereas cytokine secretion was measured both in culture supernatants by ELISA or by flow cytometry of spleen cells. Upon initiation of AIT in allergic mice, body temperature and further clinical signs were used as indicators for anaphylaxis. Overall, MCT and alum induced comparable B and T cell responses, which were independent of TLR signaling. Alum induced stronger IgE and IL-4 secretion than MCT. MCT and alum induced caspase-dependent IL-1β secretion in human monocytes in vitro, but inflammasome activation had no functional effect on inflammatory and Ab responses measured in vivo. In sensitized mice, AIT with MCT-adjuvanted allergens caused fewer anaphylactic reactions compared with alum-adjuvanted allergens. As depot adjuvants, MCT and alum are comparably effective in strength and mechanism of Ag-specific IgG induction and induction of T cell responses. The biocompatible and biodegradable MCT seems therefore a suitable alternative adjuvant to alum-based vaccines and AIT.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.