ArticleBMC public health2018
Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiometabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Socioeconomic Inequalities and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Observational Studies.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of patient race/ethnicity, socioeconomics, and quality for adult type 2 diabetes.Health services research · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- Social inequalities in diabetes incidence and quality of care: results from a cohort study in the Lazio region, Italy.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Sex-dependent effect of socioeconomic status on cardiovascular event risk in a population-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Data Resource Profile: Results Analysis Base of Navarre (BARDENA).International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities as a Cause of Health Inequities in Spain: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cohort Profile: CArdiovascular Risk in patients with DIAbetes in NAvarra (CARDIANA cohort).BMJ open · 2023Article
- Inequalities in glycemic and multifactorial cardiovascular control of type 2 diabetes: The Heart Healthy Hoods study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Variability in the Control of Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care and Its Association with Hospital Admissions for Vascular Events. The APNA Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- [Diabetic patient control in Primary Care: Influence of service portfolio and other factors].Atencion primaria · 2020Observational
- Health Care Utilization of Homeless Minors With Diabetes in New York State From 2009 to 2014.Diabetes care · 2020Article
- Inverse-probability weighting and multiple imputation for evaluating selection bias in the estimation of childhood obesity prevalence using data from electronic health records.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to determine if the achievement of control targets in patients with type 2 diabetes was associated with personal socioeconomic factors and if these associations were sex-dependent.
methodsThis cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in Spain. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level and other clinical parameters were obtained from electronic primary care records (n = 32,638 cases). Socioeconomic status was determined using education level and yearly income. Among patients, having their HbA1c level checked during the previous year was considered as an indirect measure of the process of care, whereas tobacco use and clinical parameters such as HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and blood pressure (BP) were considered intermediate control outcomes. General linear mixed effect models were used to assess associations.
resultsThe achievement of metabolic and cardiovascular control targets in patients with type 2 diabetes was associated with educational level and income, and socioeconomic gradients differed by sex. The probability of having had an HbA1c test performed in the previous year was higher in patients with lower education levels. Patients in the lowest income and education level categories were less likely to have reached the recommended HbA1c level. Males in the lowest education level categories were less likely to be non-smokers or to have achieved the blood pressure targets. In contrast, patients within the low income categories had a higher probability of reaching the recommended LDL-c level.
conclusionsOur results suggest the presence of socioeconomic inequalities in the achievement of cardiovascular and metabolic control that differed in direction and magnitude depending on the measured outcome and sex of the patient. These findings may help health professionals focus on high-risk individuals to decrease health inequalities.
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