ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Intraconversion of Polar Ginsenosides, Their Transformation into Less-Polar Ginsenosides, and Ginsenoside Acetylation in Ginseng Flowers upon Baking and Steaming.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhanced Production and Profiling of Ganoderic Acids inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rice-Fried and Sun-Dried Ginseng: A Comparative Study of Chemical Composition and Protective Effects Against Ulcerative Colitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Application of network pharmacology in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiac diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Rare ginsenosides: A unique perspective of ginseng research.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart diseases: Potential therapeutic effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- "Medicine food homology" plants promote periodontal health: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of bone resorption.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Integration strategy of network pharmacology in Traditional Chinese Medicine: a narrative review.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2022Review
- Physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptability of crackers containing red ginseng marc.Journal of food science and technology · 2022Article
- Thermal transformation of polar into less-polar ginsenosides through demalonylation and deglycosylation in extracts from ginseng pulp.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Phytochemical analysis ofJournal of ginseng research · 2021Review
- Changes of Ginsenoside Composition in the Creation of Black Ginseng Leaf.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Comparison of Ginsenoside Components of Various Tissues of New Zealand Forest-Grown Asian Ginseng (Biomolecules · 2020Article
- Phenolic Compounds and Ginsenosides in Ginseng Shoots and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Mouse Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heating is a traditional method used in ginseng root processing, however, there aren't reports on differences resulting from baking and steaming. Moreover, ginseng flowers, with 5.06 times more total saponins than ginseng root, are not fully taken advantage of for their ginsenosides. Transformation mechanisms of ginsenosides in ginseng flowers upon baking and steaming were thus explored. HPLC using authentic standards of 20 ginsenosides and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS were used to quantify and identify ginsenosides, respectively, in ginseng flowers baked or steamed at different temperatures and durations. Results show that baking and steaming caused a 3.2-fold increase in ginsenoside species existed in unheated ginseng flowers (20/64 ginsenosides) and transformation of a certain amount of polar ginsenosides into numerous less polar ginsenosides. Among the 20 ginsenosides with standards, polar ginsenosides were abundant in ginseng flowers baked or steamed at lower temperatures, whereas less polar ginsenosides occurred and were enriched at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the two types of heating treatments could generate mostly similar ginsenosides, but steaming was much efficient than baking in transforming polar- into less polar ginsenosides, with steaming at 120 °C being comparably equivalent to baking at 150 °C. Moreover, both the two heating methods triggered ginsenoside acetylation and thus caused formation of 16 acetylginsenosides. Finally, a new transformation mechanism concerning acetyl-ginsenosides formation was proposed.
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