SynthesisNutrients2018
Does Vitamin D Deficiency Affect the Immunogenic Responses to Influenza Vaccination? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of probiotics on COVID-19 prevention and treatment against mild COVID-19 in outpatient care: A systematic review.Nutrition and health · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2020Guideline
- Korean Red Ginseng Potentially Improves Maintaining Antibodies after COVID-19 Vaccination: A 24-Week Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- The effect of standard-dose wintertime vitamin D supplementation on influenza infection in immunized nursing home elderly residents.Croatian medical journal · 2021Trial
- Article
- Impact of chronic cholecalciferol supplementation and vitamin D status on risk of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.Endocrine · 2026Observational
- Vitamin D in Gut and Systemic Immune Tolerance and in Infections' Risk: An International Evidence-Based Consensus Statement.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- A scoping review: the impact of nutritional status on the efficacy, effectiveness, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- Lack of vitamin D predicts impaired long-term immune response to COVID-19 vaccination.Endocrine · 2023Article
- Exploring the Effects of Vitamin D and Vitamin A Levels on the Response to COVID-19 Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Review
- Role of micronutrients in the modulation of immune system and platelet activating factor in patients with COVID-19; a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- The osteo-metabolic phenotype of COVID-19: an update.Endocrine · 2022Review
- Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- Increasing Efficacy of Covid-19 Vaccines by Lifestyle Interventions.Archives of Razi Institute · 2022Review
- Association between Vitamin D Serum Levels and Immune Response to the BNT162b2 Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is a major global public health problem, and the efficacy of influenza vaccination is not satisfactory. Vitamin D is involved in many immune-mediated inflammatory processes. The impact of vitamin D levels on the immunogenic response to influenza vaccination is not clear. We performed a comprehensive literature search and systematic review of studies that investigated vitamin D and influenza vaccination. Data pertaining to study population, vaccine components, vitamin D levels, and immunogenic response were analyzed. Nine studies, with a combined study population of 2367 patients, were included in the systematic review. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis to investigate the influence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on the seroprotection (SP) rates and seroconversion (SC) rates following influenza vaccination. We found no significant association between vitamin D level and the immunogenic response to influenza vaccination. However, strain-specific differences may exist. We observed lower SP rates of influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2) and B strain in VDD patients than patients with normal vitamin D levels (A/H3N2: 71.8% vs. 80.1%, odds ratio (OR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43-0.91,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.