SynthesisThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2018
Linezolid pharmacokinetics in MDR-TB: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Monte Carlo simulation.
Synthesis in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized, Open Label, Multiple Dose Phase I Study of the Early Bactericidal Activity of Linezolid, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin in HIV-non-infected Adults With Initial Episodes of Sputum Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Linezolid in the Treatment of Rifampin-resistant Tuberculosis
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Adverse Drug Reaction to Linezolid in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral and tuberculosis drugs in children with HIV/TB co-infection: a systematic review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Pooled it
- Linezolid Population Pharmacokinetics in South African Adults with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and tolerability of linezolid as an adjunctive treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome: a prospective cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Single Saliva Sample Linezolid Dosing for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Plasma and Saliva.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Predictors of therapeutic exposure and pharmacokinetic variability of second-line anti-TB drugs in MDR-TB patients: a retrospective study.Infection · 2025Observational
- Derivation and Clinical Utility of Safety Targets for Linezolid-Related Adverse Events in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling to Predict the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Linezolid in Adults and Children with Tuberculous Meningitis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Low-Dose Linezolid for Treatment of Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Linezolid Exposure Is Associated with Cytopenias in Patients Treated for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Drug Dosing in Critically Ill Adult Patients with Augmented Renal Clearance.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2022Review
- Pharmacologic Management ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Linezolid in Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetic analysis of linezolid for multidrug resistant tuberculosis at a tertiary care centre in Mumbai, India.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics and Bayesian Dose Adjustment to Advance TDM of Anti-TB Drugs.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2021Review
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis sterilizing activity of faropenem, pyrazinamide and linezolid combination and failure to shorten the therapy duration.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- A Review of Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Relationships and Clinical Implications for Drugs Used to Treat Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020Review
- Pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing, and safety of linezolid in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Combined data from two prospective observational studies.PLoS medicine · 2019Observational
- Linezolid Pharmacokinetics in South African Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and a High Prevalence of HIV Coinfection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives: The oxazolidinone linezolid is an effective component of drug-resistant TB treatment, but its use is limited by toxicity and the optimum dose is uncertain. Current strategies are not informed by clinical pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) data; we aimed to address this gap. Methods: We defined linezolid PK/PD targets for efficacy (fAUC0-24:MIC >119 mg/L/h) and safety (fCmin <1.38 mg/L). We extracted individual-level linezolid PK data from existing studies on TB patients and performed meta-analysis, producing summary estimates of fAUC0-24 and fCmin for published doses. Combining these with a published MIC distribution, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of target attainment. Results: The efficacy target was attained in all simulated individuals at 300 mg q12h and 600 mg q12h, but only 20.7% missed the safety target at 300 mg q12h versus 98.5% at 600 mg q12h. Although suggesting 300 mg q12h should be used preferentially, these data were reliant on a single centre. Efficacy and safety targets were missed by 41.0% and 24.2%, respectively, at 300 mg q24h and by 44.6% and 27.5%, respectively, at 600 mg q24h. However, the confounding effect of between-study heterogeneity on target attainment for q24h regimens was considerable. Conclusions: Linezolid dosing at 300 mg q12h may retain the efficacy of the 600 mg q12h licensed dosing with improved safety. Data to evaluate commonly used 300 mg q24h and 600 mg q24h doses are limited. Comprehensive, prospectively obtained PK/PD data for linezolid doses in drug-resistant TB treatment are required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.