SynthesisEpidemiologic reviews2018
Substance Use During Imprisonment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Synthesis in Epidemiologic reviews, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Drug use among people in prison: A global review of epidemiology, harms and interventions.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- The Risks for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Engage in Chemsex in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Mental and physical health morbidity among people in prisons: an umbrella review.The Lancet. Public health · 2024Pooled it
- Severe mental illness and substance use disorders in prisoners in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies.The Lancet. Global health · 2019Pooled it
- Prevalence of and factors associated with psychoactive substance use among people in prisons: A multi-centre, cross-sectional study in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Suicide prevention in Latin American prisons: a multiple case study with meta-matrix of policies, programmes and protocols in 17 countries.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Unveiling the roadblocks: exploring substance use disorder treatment policies in Iran through a qualitative lens.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Differences in non-communicable diseases between women in prison and the general population in Brazil.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Multiple Substance Use Patterns and Its Relationship with Imprisonment in a High-Risk Group of Iranian Adults.Journal of research in health sciences · 2023Article
- Beyond the dichotomy of drug regulations and prohibitions.Lancet (London, England) · 2023Article
- The use of benzodiazepines and the mental health of women in prison: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The prevalence of substance abuse and associated factors among male prisoners in Karachi jails, Pakistan.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Psychiatric disorders and comorbidity in a Spanish sample of prisoners at the end of their sentence: Prevalence rates and associations with criminal history.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Factors associated with risk related to the use of psychoactive substances by men deprived of their liberty.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2022Article
- Predicting Violent Reoffending in Individuals Released From Prison in a Lower-Middle-Income Country: A Validation of OxRec in Tajikistan.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- 'Maybe It Is Only in Prison That I Could Change Like This' The Course of Severe Mental Illnesses During Imprisonment - A Qualitative 3-Year Follow-Up Study From Chile.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- The Unhappy Mental Health Triad: Comorbid Severe Mental Illnesses, Personality Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders in Prison Populations.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Depression and psychosis related to the absence of visitors and consumption of drugs in male prisoners in Ecuador: a cross sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2019Article
- Mental disorders and mental health symptoms during imprisonment: A three-year follow-up study.PloS one · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Substance use disorders are among the most common health problems of people involved with the criminal justice system. Scaling up addiction services in prisons is a global public health and human rights challenge, especially in poorly resourced countries. We systematically reviewed the prevalence of substance use in prison populations in low- and middle-income countries. We searched for studies reporting prevalence rates of nicotine, alcohol, illicit drug, and injection drug use during imprisonment in unselected samples of imprisoned people in low- and middle-income countries. Data meta-analysis was conducted and sources of heterogeneity were examined by meta-regression. Prevalence of nicotine use during imprisonment ranged from 5% to 87%, with a random-effects pooled estimate of 56% (95% confidence interval (CI): 45, 66) with significant geographical heterogeneity. Alcohol use varied from 1% to 76% (pooled prevalence, 16%, 95% CI: 9, 25). Approximately one-quarter of people (25%; 95% CI: 17, 33; range, 0-78) used illicit drugs during imprisonment. The prevalence of injection drug use varied from 0% to 26% (pooled estimate, 1.6%, 95% CI: 0.8, 3.0). Lifetime substance use was investigated in secondary analyses. The high prevalence of smoking in prison suggests that policies regarding smoking need careful review. Furthermore, the findings underscore the importance of timely, scalable, and available treatments for alcohol and illegal drug use by people involved with the criminal justice system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.