ArticleAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2018
Individual and Integrated Effects of Potential Risk Factors for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Article in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The waterpipe smoking and human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 191 observational studies.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Waterpipe on Oral Health Status: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2023Pooled it
- The health impact of smokeless tobacco products: a systematic review.Harm reduction journal · 2021Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Smokeless Tobacco and the Incidence of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review Study.Addiction & health · 2025Review
- Factors influencing engagement in oral cancer prevention activities among dental students and professionals in Saudi Arabia.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Lichenoid Reaction After Implant Placement: A Case Report.Cureus · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of oral cancer prevention among students, interns, and faculty members at the college of dentistry of Jazan University.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- The protective effects of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase rs1801131 variant among Saudi smokers.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2021Article
- Proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of shammah induced signaling in oral keratinocytes.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Effect of the thymine-DNA glycosylase rs4135050 variant on Saudi smoker population.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2019Article
- Association of metabolic NCD risk factors with oral, breast and cervical precancers and cancers in India.Family medicine and community health · 2019Article
- Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world, with a high prevalence reported in Jazan province of Saudi Arabia. The objectives of this study were to check individual and integrated effects of potential risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: A case control study was designed with a sample of 210 subjects, in which histopathologically confirmed incident cases (n=70) and controls (n=140) matched for age, gender and referral route, were recruited. Differences in exposure to potential risk factors between cases and controls were assessed using chi-square and McNemar analyses. A logistic regression model with interactions was applied to check individual and integrated effects. Results: Mean age of the sample was 55 years (+ 20 years). Shammah (O.R = 33.01; C.I = 3.22 – 39.88), shisha (O.R = 3.96; C.I = 0.24 – 63.38), and cigarette (O.R = 1.58; C.I = 0.13, 2.50) consumption was significantly associated (P<0.05) with oral squamous cell carcinoma development. In contrast, Khat chewing (O.R = 0.67; C.I = 0.19-2.36) was without significant effect. An increase in odds ratios was observed when combinations of shammah and shisha (O.R = 35.03; C.I = 11.50-65.66), shisha and cigarettes (O.R = 10.52; C.I = 1.03 – 33.90) or shamma and cigarettes (O.R = 10.10; C.I = 0.50 - 20.40) were used. Conclusion: Combined exposure to risk-factors has serious implications and policies on oral cancer prevention should be designed with attention to this aspect.
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