ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,176 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
1,176 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Educational Technologies to Support Rational Antimicrobial Prescribing in Primary Healthcare: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Resistance profile and influence factors of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) causing infections in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of educational interventions in improving antimicrobial dispensing by community pharmacists: a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- The global prevalence of antibiotic self-medication among the adult population: systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Comparison of Machine Learning Classifiers for Predicting Reported Antibiotic Treatment After Recent Fever/Cough Among Under-Five Children: A Pooled Analysis of DHS Data From 64 LMICs.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Global transmission dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes: Foodborne pathways as the critical link to humans.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Adsorption of Levofloxacin onto Chitosan- and Layered Double Hydroxide-Functionalized Montmorillonite.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Population size modulates the transition from gene amplification-mediated heteroresistance to stable resistance.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Biodegradation Characteristics of Piperacillin by Marine Bacillus cereus PP1 and Genome-Guided Mining of Candidate β-Lactamases.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Optimizing a culture-enriched hybrid metagenomics pipeline to assess the AMR footprint of livestock manure in anaerobic digestate.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Disrupting antimicrobial resistance in food systems from a One Health perspective: a complex systems analysis in Canada, Senegal and the Netherlands.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Urban-Adjacent Soils as a Global Reservoir of Toxigenic and Antimicrobial-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Reframing Antimicrobial Stewardship as Systems Governance: Aligning Regulation, Diagnostics, Antibiotic Use Measurement, and Surveillance to Address Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Non-prescription antibiotics dispensing for common infections using simulated patients.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Altered regulation of septal peptidoglycan synthesis modulates β-lactam susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Systematic mining and engineering of signal peptides to achieve efficient secretion of cephalosporin C acylase inSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Article
1,116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tracking antibiotic consumption patterns over time and across countries could inform policies to optimize antibiotic prescribing and minimize antibiotic resistance, such as setting and enforcing per capita consumption targets or aiding investments in alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the trends and drivers of antibiotic consumption from 2000 to 2015 in 76 countries and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption, expressed in defined daily doses (DDD), increased 65% (21.1-34.8 billion DDDs), and the antibiotic consumption rate increased 39% (11.3-15.7 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day). The increase was driven by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where rising consumption was correlated with gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) growth (
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