ArticleHealth economics2018
2SLS versus 2SRI: Appropriate methods for rare outcomes and/or rare exposures.
Article in Health economics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- PERsonalised Medicine for Intensification of Treatment (PERMIT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a target trial emulation from routine data.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Article
- Instrumental variable estimation of a hazard ratio for treatment with a waiting time without specifying its dependence on unmeasured confounders: application to a procedural registry.Lifetime data analysis · 2026Article
- The adoption and efficacy of large language models in US consumer financial complaints.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Does automated feedback impact the acceptability of AI-generated police body worn camera review? An implementation science natural experiment.Journal of experimental criminology · 2025Article
- Comparative effectiveness of alternative second-line oral glucose-lowering therapies for type 2 diabetes: a precision medicine approach applied to routine data.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Valuation of health losses among Japanese workers with children during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Home-Based Care Outcomes: Does the Care Provider Matter?Health economics · 2025Article
- Article
- Going beyond randomised controlled trials to assess treatment effect heterogeneity across target populations.Health economics · 2025Article
- Updating and calibrating the Real-World Progression In Diabetes (RAPIDS) model in a non-Veterans Affairs population.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Article
- Comparative effectiveness of second line oral antidiabetic treatments among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: emulation of a target trial using routinely collected health data.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Comparing the performance of two-stage residual inclusion methods when using physician's prescribing preference as an instrumental variable: unmeasured confounding and noncollapsibility.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2024Article
- "Low-value" glycemic outcomes among older adults with diabetes cared for by primary care nurse practitioners or physicians: A retrospective cohort study.International journal of nursing studies · 2023Article
- How does a local instrumental variable method perform across settings with instruments of differing strengths? A simulation study and an evaluation of emergency surgery.Health economics · 2023Article
- Family spillovers and long-term care insurance.Journal of health economics · 2023Article
- Statistically Adjusting for Wear Time in Randomized Trials of Continuous Glucose Monitors as a Complement to Intent-to-Treat and As-Treated Analyses: Application and Evaluation in Two Trials.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Frameworks for estimating causal effects in observational settings: comparing confounder adjustment and instrumental variables.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Review
- Dealing with confounding in observational studies: A scoping review of methods evaluated in simulation studies with single-point exposure.Statistics in medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of instrumental variable method using Cox proportional hazard model in epidemiological studies.MethodsX · 2023Article
- Does supplemental private health insurance incentivize household risky financial asset investment? Evidence from the China Household Financial Survey.International journal of health economics and management · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study used Monte Carlo simulations to examine the ability of the two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator and two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) estimators with varying forms of residuals to estimate the local average and population average treatment effect parameters in models with binary outcome, endogenous binary treatment, and single binary instrument. The rarity of the outcome and the treatment was varied across simulation scenarios. Results showed that 2SLS generated consistent estimates of the local average treatment effects (LATE) and biased estimates of the average treatment effects (ATE) across all scenarios. 2SRI approaches, in general, produced biased estimates of both LATE and ATE under all scenarios. 2SRI using generalized residuals minimized the bias in ATE estimates. Use of 2SLS and 2SRI is illustrated in an empirical application estimating the effects of long-term care insurance on a variety of binary health care utilization outcomes among the near-elderly using the Health and Retirement Study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.