ArticleCurrent biology : CB2018
Extremely Divergent Haplotypes in Two Toxin Gene Complexes Encode Alternative Venom Types within Rattlesnake Species.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nature's antivenom: Combinations of conserved rattlesnake serum metalloproteinase inhibitors block the lethal action of viper venoms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Evolution of genome-wide barriers to gene flow during complex speciation in rattlesnakes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlying early functional divergence in snake venom inferred from the genomes of two pitviper lineages.BMC biology · 2025Article
- A colorful legacy of hybridization in wood-warblers includes frequent sharing of carotenoid genes among species and genera.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Phenotypic dichotomy in Crotalus durissus ruruima venom and potential consequences for clinical management of snakebite envenomations.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Snake Venomics of the Arboreal Talamancan Palm-Pitviper,Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- A Segregating Structural Variant Defines Novel Venom Phenotypes in the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Phylogenomic Discordance is Driven by Wide-Spread Introgression and Incomplete Lineage Sorting During Rapid Species Diversification Within Rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus and Sistrurus).Systematic biology · 2024Article
- Venom trade-off shapes interspecific interactions, physiology, and reproduction.Science advances · 2024Article
- High-content fluorescence bioassay investigates pore formation, ion channel modulation and cell membrane lysis induced by venoms.Toxicon: X · 2024Article
- Article
- Sequence Divergence in Venom Genes Within and Between Montane Pitviper (Viperidae: Crotalinae: Cerrophidion) Species is Driven by Mutation-Drift Equilibrium.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Article
- The roles of balancing selection and recombination in the evolution of rattlesnake venom.Nature ecology & evolution · 2022Article
- Intraspecific Differences in the Venom ofToxins · 2022Article
- De Novo Genome Assembly Highlights the Role of Lineage-Specific Gene Duplications in the Evolution of Venom in Fea's Viper (Azemiops feae).Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Modern venomics-Current insights, novel methods, and future perspectives in biological and applied animal venom research.GigaScience · 2022Article
- The rise of genomics in snake venom research: recent advances and future perspectives.GigaScience · 2022Article
- A tandem duplication in Drosophila melanogaster shows enhanced expression beyond the gene copy number.Genetics · 2022Article
- Varying Intensities of Introgression Obscure Incipient Venom-Associated Speciation in the Timber Rattlesnake (Toxins · 2021Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Natural selection is generally expected to favor one form of a given trait within a population. The presence of multiple functional variants of traits involved in activities such as feeding, reproduction, or the defense against predators is relatively uncommon within animal species. The genetic architecture and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the origin and maintenance of such polymorphisms are of special interest. Among rattlesnakes, several instances of the production of biochemically distinct neurotoxic or hemorrhagic venom types within the same species are known. Here, we investigated the genetic basis of this phenomenon in three species and found that neurotoxic and hemorrhagic individuals of the same species possess markedly different haplotypes at two toxin gene complexes. For example, neurotoxic and hemorrhagic Crotalus scutulatus individuals differ by 5 genes at the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) toxin gene complex and by 11 genes at the metalloproteinase (MP) gene complex. A similar set of extremely divergent haplotypes also underlies alternate venom types within C. helleri and C. horridus. We further show that the MP and PLA2 haplotypes of neurotoxic C. helleri appear to have been acquired through hybridization with C. scutulatus-a rare example of the horizontal transfer of a potentially highly adaptive suite of genes. These large structural variants appear analogous to immunity gene complexes in host-pathogen arms races and may reflect the impact of balancing selection at the PLA2 and MP complexes for predation on different prey.
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