ArticleJournal of neuroimmunology2018
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neuroprotective activities in Alzheimer's disease mice.
Article in Journal of neuroimmunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sargramostim (rhu GM-CSF) as Cancer Therapy (Systematic Review) and An Immunomodulator. A Drug Before Its Time?Frontiers in immunologyPooled it
- Stem cells and derived growth factors in Alzheimer's disease: mechanistic insights and translational perspectives.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Can we refute a role for infections in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- A myeloid trisomy 21-associated gene variant is protective from Alzheimer's disease.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice sequentially recruits neutrophils with dichotomous phenotype and function.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Antiageing strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanisms to clinical advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Shared interactions of six neurotropic viruses with 38 human proteins: a computational and literature-based exploration of viral interactions and hijacking of human proteins in neuropsychiatric disorders.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Review
- Immune mechanisms and shared immune targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Controversies and insights into cytokine regulation of neurogenesis and behavior in adult rodents.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction Alters Postnatal Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Neuron and Microglia Morphology and Cytokine/Chemokine Milieu in Mice.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cell Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment in the Brains of Aged APP/PS1 Mice.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Exploring Imaging Genetic Markers of Alzheimer's Disease Based on a Novel Nonlinear Correlation Analysis Algorithm.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2024Article
- A Trisomy 21-linked Hematopoietic Gene Variant in Microglia Confers Resilience in Human iPSC Models of Alzheimer's Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a protective factor against Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Amyloid-β specific regulatory T cells attenuate Alzheimer's disease pathobiology in APP/PS1 mice.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2023Article
- Overlapping Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Review
- Concordant and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We investigated the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on behavioral and pathological outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-transgenic mice. GM-CSF treatment in AD mice reduced brain amyloidosis, increased plasma Aβ, and rescued cognitive impairment with increased hippocampal expression of calbindin and synaptophysin and increased levels of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. These data extend GM-CSF pleiotropic neuroprotection mechanisms in AD and include regulatory T cell-mediated immunomodulation of microglial function, Aβ clearance, maintenance of synaptic integrity, and induction of neurogenesis. Together these data support further development of GM-CSF as a neuroprotective agent for AD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.