ArticleJournal of neurochemistry2018
Effects of ischemic post-conditioning on neuronal VEGF regulation and microglial polarization in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia.
Article in Journal of neurochemistry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- New perspectives on VEGF signalling in Alzheimer's disease.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lactate modulates microglial M2 polarizationJournal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Cerebral in situ ischemic postconditioning: From bench to bedside and beyond.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- Cerebroprotective Potential of Androgen Receptors in Ischemic Postconditioning against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Neurodegenerative Changes.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- VEGF and the VEGFMolecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Multimodal Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke: Emerging Non-Pharmacological Interventions from Bench to Bedside.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Deciphering the Blood-Brain Barrier Paradox in Brain Metastasis Development and Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Review
- Crosstalk Among Glial Cells in the Blood-Brain Barrier Injury After Ischemic Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Role of Crosstalk between Glial Cells and Immune Cells in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Protection after Acute Ischemic Stroke.Aging and disease · 2023Review
- Molecular signaling from microglia impacts macroglia autophagy and neurons survival in glaucoma.iScience · 2023Article
- A review of remote ischemic conditioning as a potential strategy for neural repair poststroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Review
- The role of angiogenic growth factors in the immune microenvironment of glioma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Further analysis of natural antibodies against ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Neutrophil Heterogeneity and its Roles in the Inflammatory Network after Ischemic Stroke.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- No Differences in Cerebral Immunohistochemical Markers following Remote Ischemic Postconditioning in Newborn Piglets with Hypoxia-Ischemia.Neuropediatrics · 2022Article
- Serum Levels of VEGF-A and Its Receptors in Patients in Different Phases of Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Strokes.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Neuroprotective effects of long noncoding RNAs involved in ischemic postconditioning after ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Microglia: The Hub of Intercellular Communication in Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- The antihypertensive effect of remote ischemic conditioning in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning is increasingly being investigated as a therapeutic approach for cerebral ischemia. However, the majority of studies are focused on the acute protection of neurons per se. Whether and how postconditioning affects multiple cells in the recovering neurovascular unit remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we asked whether postconditioning may modulate help-me signaling between injured neurons and reactive microglia. Rats were subjected to 100 min of focal cerebral ischemia, then randomized into a control versus postconditioning group. After 3 days of reperfusion, infarct volumes were significantly reduced in animals treated with postconditioning, along with better neurologic outcomes. Immunostaining revealed that ischemic postconditioning increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neurons within peri-infarct regions. Correspondingly, we confirmed that VEGFR2 was expressed on Iba1-positive microglia/macrophages, and confocal microscopy showed that in postconditioned rats, these cells were polarized to a ramified morphology with higher expression of M2-like markers. Treating rats with a VEGF receptor 2 kinase inhibitor negated these effects of postconditioning on microglia/macrophage polarization. In vitro, postconditoning after oxygen-glucose deprivation up-regulated VEGF release in primary neuron cultures, and adding VEGF to microglial cultures partly shifted their M2-like markers. Altogether, our findings support the idea that after postconditioning, injured neurons may release VEGF as a 'help-me' signal that promotes microglia/macrophage polarization into potentially beneficial phenotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.